{"id":274071,"date":"2026-08-14T02:57:43","date_gmt":"2026-08-13T22:27:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=274071"},"modified":"2026-08-14T00:22:26","modified_gmt":"2026-08-13T19:52:26","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%86%da%ab%d8%b1%db%90%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%88-%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%ba%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%be%db%90%da%98%d9%86%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=274071","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0631\u06d0\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u2074\u00b3<\/div>\n
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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u2074\u2074<\/div>\n
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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u06f1\u06f9\u06f2\u06f2 \u0632\u06d0\u0696\u062f\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u06cd \u062f \u0648\u0631\u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062e\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0693\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693 \u06a9\u0693 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06d0\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0648. \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0632\u064a\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0648\u063a\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0644 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u064a \u067e\u0631\u0645\u062e\u062a\u06ab\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u0648\u0685\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062a\u06d0\u0631\u06d0 \u067e\u06d0\u0693\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u06ab\u0648\u069a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u0648\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0689 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u063a\u0648 \u06ab\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0681 \u062a\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0693 \u0686\u06d0 \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647.<\/div>\n
\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0644\u06cc\u06a9<\/strong><\/div>\n
1 V. Gregorian, The Emergence of Modern Afghanistan, Stanford 1969, s.227.<\/div>\n
2 G. M. Gubar, Afganistan der Mesir-i Tarih, Tahran 1374, s.752.<\/div>\n
3 M. S.Ferheng, Afganistan der pen\u00e7 karn-\u0131 ahir I, Me\u015fhed 1371, s.485.<\/div>\n
4 Habibullah Han\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gece silah sesi duyulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Muhammed<\/div>\n
Nadir Han\u2019\u0131n \u201cEmir hazretleri uyuyor, onu rahats\u0131z etmeyiniz\u201d diyerek \u00e7ad\u0131ra<\/div>\n
girilmesine m\u00fcsaade etmedi\u011fi ve b\u00f6ylece katilin ka\u00e7mas\u0131na yard\u0131m etti\u011fi<\/div>\n
ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kandahar ve K\u00e2bil\u2019de olduk\u00e7a fazla taraftar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131<\/div>\n
sebebiyle hapiste fazla kalmam\u0131\u015f ve serbest b\u0131rak\u0131larak yeniden ordu<\/div>\n
komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tayin edilmi\u015fti. Bkz. M. S.Ferheng, a.g.e.I, s.484.<\/div>\n
5 Amanullah Han, katilin bulunmas\u0131nda yeterli titizli\u011fin g\u00f6sterilmemesi ve<\/div>\n
herhangi bir tahkikat\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131ndan sorumlu tuttu\u011fu amcas\u0131 Nasrullah<\/div>\n
Han\u2019\u0131 mahkemeye \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Burada Emir\u2019in \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde kusurlu g\u00f6r\u00fclen<\/div>\n
Nasrullah Han, Erg zindan\u0131na at\u0131ld\u0131 ve birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra burada vefat etti. Bkz.<\/div>\n
M. S.Ferheng, a.g.e.I, s.486; Nasrullah Han\u2019\u0131n hapiste iken Amanullah Han\u2019a<\/div>\n
yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu mektuplar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca bkz. Bkz. Gubar, a.g.e., s.741 vd.<\/div>\n
6 Amanullah Han\u2019\u0131n bu hitab\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. G. M. Gubar, a.g.e., s.752.<\/div>\n
7 \u0130kbal Ali \u015eah, Modern Afghanistan, London 1938, s.101; L. W. Adamec,<\/div>\n
Afghanistan, 1900-1923, Berkeley 1967, s.109 vd; M. Saray, D\u00fcnden Bug\u00fcne<\/div>\n
Afganistan, \u0130stanbul 1981, s.132.<\/div>\n
8 Amanullah Han\u2019dan Hindistan genelvalisine, 3 Mart 1919 tarihli mektup, East<\/div>\n
India (Afghanistan), Papers Regarding Hostilities with Afghanistan, 1919,<\/div>\n
No. 1, s.1189; Ayr\u0131ca bu mektubun T\u00fcrk\u00e7e terc\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in bkz. Mehmet Cevat,<\/div>\n
Afganistan, Ankara 1934, s.125 vd.<\/div>\n
9 N. D. Ahmad, The Survival of Afghanistan 1747-1979, Lahore 1990, s.171.<\/div>\n
10 G. M. Gubar, a.g.e., s.756; Yu. V. Gankovsky, A History of Afghanistan,<\/div>\n
Moscow 1982, s.217.<\/div>\n
11 N. D. Ahmad, a.g.e., s.172.<\/div>\n
12 Mehmet Cevat, a.g.e., s.128.<\/div>\n
13 L. W. Adamec, a.g.e., s.110.<\/div>\n
14 Lord Chelmsford\u2019un 15 Nisan 1919 tarihli mektubu i\u00e7in bkz. Genelvali\u2019den<\/div>\n
Amanullah Han\u2019a, East India (Afghanistan), Papers Regarding Hostilities<\/div>\n
with Afghanistan, 1919, No. 3, s.1191.<\/div>\n
15 Bkz. N. D. Ahmad, a.g.e., s.172.<\/div>\n
16 L. W. Adamec, a.g.e., s.111 vd.<\/div>\n
17 \u0130kbal Ali \u015eah, a.g.e., s.108 vd.<\/div>\n
18 G. Macmunn, a.g.e., s.258.<\/div>\n
19 G. M. Gubar, a.g.e.,s.758 vd.<\/div>\n
20 Amanullah Han, sava\u015fa \u00e7ok \u00e7abuk karar verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in sadece K\u00e2bil, Gazne ve<\/div>\n
Kandahar\u2019daki birliklerini harekete ge\u00e7irmi\u015f, Rus s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda bulunan 7.000<\/div>\n
s\u00fcvari, 42.000 piyade ve 260 topu \u0130ngiliz cephesine sevk edememi\u015fti. Bkz. R.<\/div>\n
Strausz-Hupe, \u201cThe Anglo-Afghan War of 1919\u201d, Military Affairs, Vol. 7,<\/div>\n
No. 2, (Summer, 1943), s.92.<\/div>\n
21 \u0130kbal Ali \u015eah, a.g.e., s.109 vd.<\/div>\n
22 G. Fremont-Barnes, The Anglo-Afghan Wars 1839-1919, New York 2009,<\/div>\n
s.83; D. Fromkin, Bar\u0131\u015fa Son Veren Bar\u0131\u015f: Modern Ortado\u011fu Nas\u0131l<\/div>\n
Yarat\u0131ld\u0131 1914-1922, (trc. M. Harmanc\u0131), \u0130stanbul 1989, s.420 vd.<\/div>\n
23 Erk\u00e2n-\u0131 Harbiye-yi Um\u00fbmi Riyaseti, 1919 Afgan-\u0130ngiliz Harbi, Dersaadet<\/div>\n
1341, s.11.<\/div>\n
24 \u0130kbal Ali \u015eah, a.g.e., s.111 vd; Sava\u015f\u0131n geni\u015f bir analizi i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca bkz. G.<\/div>\n
Macmunn, a.g.e., s.264-280.<\/div>\n
25 A. Fletcher, Afghanistan: Highway of Conquest, New York 1966, s.193 vd.<\/div>\n
26 Bkz. \u0130kbal Ali \u015eah, a.g.e., s.118 vd; M. S.Ferheng, a.g.e.I, s.495.<\/div>\n
27 G. M. Gubar, a.g.e.,s.772 vd; \u0130kbal Ali \u015eah, a.g.e., s.123.<\/div>\n
28 \u0130kbal Ali \u015eah, a.g.e., s.130 vd; Mehmet Cevat, Afganistan, s.140 vd;<\/div>\n
Ravalpindi Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tam metni i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca bkz. L. W. Adamec, a.g.e.,<\/div>\n
s.182 vd.<\/div>\n
29 M. S.Ferheng, a.g.e.I, s.498.<\/div>\n
30 L. W. Adamec, a.g.e., s.144.<\/div>\n
31 M. S.Ferheng, a.g.e.I, s.499.<\/div>\n
32 Bkz. A. Tarz\u00ee, \u201cEfganistan\u201d, \u0130.A. IV, s.171 vd.<\/div>\n
33 G. M. Gubar, a.g.e., s.777 vd.<\/div>\n
34 M. S.Ferheng, a.g.e.I, s.502 vd.<\/div>\n
35 Y. H. Bayur, Hindistan Tarihi III, Ankara 1987, s.534; Anla\u015fman\u0131n \u0130ngilizce<\/div>\n
tam metni i\u00e7in bkz. L. W. Adamec, a.g.e., s.188 vd.<\/div>\n
36 Anla\u015fman\u0131n tam metni i\u00e7in bkz. Y. H. Bayur, a.g.e.III, s.535 vd.<\/div>\n
37 Esasen Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, T.B.M.M.\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sonra ilk siyas\u00ee<\/div>\n
temsilcileri olarak 12 A\u011fustos 1920\u2019de Mahmud \u015eevket Bey (Esendal)\u2019i<\/div>\n
Azerbaycan\u2019a ve 18 A\u011fustos 1920\u2019de Abdurrahman Bey (Samadan\u00ee)\u2019i<\/div>\n
Afganistan\u2019a tayin etmi\u015fti. Nahc\u0131van-Moskova yoluyla Afganistan\u2019a ula\u015fan<\/div>\n
Abdurrahman Bey, Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n d\u00f6nemin siyas\u00ee ortam\u0131n\u0131 ifade<\/div>\n
eden mektubunu Amanullah Han\u2019a iletmi\u015f ve bu suretle iki gen\u00e7 devlet<\/div>\n
aras\u0131nda ilk diplomatik m\u00fcnasebetler ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n<\/div>\n
Amanullah Han\u2019a g\u00f6ndermi\u015f oldu\u011fu mektubun tam metni ve sadele\u015ftirilmi\u015f<\/div>\n
hali i\u00e7in bkz. B. N. \u015eim\u015fir, Atat\u00fcrk ve Afganistan, Ankara 2002, s.39-43;<\/div>\n
Ayr\u0131ca bkz. S. C\u00f6hce, \u201cAtat\u00fcrk D\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrk-Afgan M\u00fcnasebetleri\u201d,<\/div>\n
Afganistan \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, (Yay. Haz. a. Ahmetbeyo\u011flu), \u0130stanbul<\/div>\n
2002, s.107.<\/div>\n
38 B. N. \u015eim\u015fir, a.g.e., s.62 vd; Amanullah Han d\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrk-Afgan ili\u015fkileri<\/div>\n
hakk\u0131nda geni\u015f bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. M. K\u00f6\u00e7er, Emanullah D\u00f6nemi Afganistan<\/div>\n
(1919-1929), Elaz\u0131\u011f 2009.<\/div>\n
39 B. N. \u015eim\u015fir, a.g.e., s.66 vd.<\/div>\n
40 Fransa ile yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmada Frans\u0131zlar, gelecek on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Afganistan\u2019da<\/div>\n
arkeolojik kaz\u0131 yapma tekelini elde etmi\u015flerdi. Bkz. Y. H. Bayur, a.g.e.III,<\/div>\n
s.537.<\/div>\n
41 M. S.Ferheng, a.g.e.I, s.502 vd.<\/div>\n
42 G. M. Gubar, a.g.e.,s.782 vd.<\/div>\n
43 \u0130ngiltere ile Afganistan aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ve Afganistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/div>\n
tan\u0131yan on d\u00f6rt maddelik bu anla\u015fman\u0131n tam metni i\u00e7in bkz. L. W. Adamec,<\/div>\n
a.g.e., s.184-188.<\/div>\n
44 Bkz. B. N. \u015eim\u015fir, a.g.e.,s.79 vd, 94 vd; Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, Fahreddin<\/div>\n
Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n K\u00e2bil el\u00e7ili\u011fine atanmas\u0131na 26 Kas\u0131m 1921\u2019de karar vermi\u015f ve bu<\/div>\n
konuyu Cemal Pa\u015fa ve Ali Fuad Pa\u015fa\u2019ya bildirmi\u015fti. Ancak d\u0131\u015f politikadan<\/div>\n
kaynaklanan birtak\u0131m teredd\u00fctler sebebiyle bu atama d\u00f6rt ay kadar uzam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/div>\n
Bkz. S. C\u00f6hce, a.g.m., s.122 vd.<\/div>\n
45 Fransa ve Afganistan h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri aras\u0131nda imzalanan d\u00f6rt maddelik anla\u015fma<\/div>\n
metni i\u00e7in bkz. L. W. Adamec, a.g.e.,s.193 vd.<\/div>\n
46 Bkz. L. W. Adamec, a.g.e., s.194.<\/div>\n
47 Anla\u015fman\u0131n tam metni i\u00e7in bkz. L. W. Adamec, a.g.e., s.194 vd.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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