{"id":267579,"date":"2026-04-02T01:51:06","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T21:21:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=267579"},"modified":"2026-04-01T23:53:39","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T19:23:39","slug":"%d9%be%d9%87-%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1%db%90-%d8%ac%da%ab%da%93%db%90-%da%a9%db%90-%d8%af-%d8%ac%d9%86%da%ab%d9%8a-%d8%ac%d9%bc-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%aa%da%a9%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%88-%da%89%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=267579","title":{"rendered":"\u067e\u0647\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06d0 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062c\u0646\u06ab\u064a \u062c\u067c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u00a0\u067e\u0647\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06d0 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062c\u0646\u06ab\u064a \u062c\u067c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0648\u06cc \u0648\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u06d0\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06d0\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062a\u06ab\u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

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\u0647\u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cd \u067e\u0647\u00a0\u06f1\u06f9\u06f9\u06f1\u00a0\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u062c \u067e\u0647 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0648\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0681\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u067e\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0693. \u062f\u06d0 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f \u0681\u0645\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u062f \u0644\u0696\u06d0 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u067e\u0631\u0645\u062e \u062a\u06ab \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062c\u0646\u06ab\u064a \u062c\u067c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06d0\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u06d0 \u0685\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0693\u00a0(Keaney and Cohen 45).<\/p>\n

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\u0633\u0631\u0628\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u06d0\u060c \u062c\u0646\u06ab\u064a \u062c\u067c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0681\u0645\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693\u00a0(CAS)\u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0681\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u062f \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0631 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0681\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u069a\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062c\u0646\u06ab\u064a \u062c\u067c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u069a\u0648\u062f\u0646\u06d0 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u064a. \u062f \u067e\u0631\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0644\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u06ab\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0648 \u0634\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0681\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 \u0686\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u067e\u06cc\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062f\u069a\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u062c\u067c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u06d0 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06d0\u0698\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0644\u06d0\u0696\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0685\u0648 \u062f \u06ab\u0648\u0627\u069a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f \u0686\u067c\u06a9 \u0681\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u069a\u064a\u064a\u00a0(Till 112).<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u06ab\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0646\u0627\u067c\u0648 \u062f \u062c\u067c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0648 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0681\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0647\u200c\u06cc\u06cc\u0632 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u06ab\u067c\u0648\u060c \u062c\u0646\u06ab\u064a \u062c\u067c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0648\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u06ab\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a. \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u06ab\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u06ab\u069a\u062a \u0633\u0644\u06ab\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0689\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06d0 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0686\u0648\u064a\u00a0(Hartung 78).\u00a0\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u06ab\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u06d0 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u067c\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0648\u06cc \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06d0\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0631\u0628\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0647\u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0689\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u06cc\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u067e\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u067c\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06d0 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0685\u0631\u06ab\u0646\u062f\u06d0\u062f\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0685\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0634\u0641<\/strong>\u00a0(ISR)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0685\u0627\u0631\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u062f\u064a. \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u06a9\u0633\u060c \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u0634\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0685\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u064a. \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0685\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0693\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0631\u06cc\u069a\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062e\u062a \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u00a0(Singer 67).<\/p>\n

ISR\u00a0\u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u0686\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u069a\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0681\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0648 \u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06d0\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u063a\u0648\u06cc \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u200c\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0698\u0646\u06d0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u06ab\u0631\u0681\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u06d0 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u062a\u0631\u0647\u06ab\u0631\u06cd \u0636\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0. \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0648 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0648 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u064a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0693 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u069a\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a\u00a0(Boyle 145).<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0648 \u062f \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062f\u064a\u060c \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0647\u062f\u0641\u200c\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0698\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0\u069a\u0646\u06d0 \u0634\u062a\u0647\u00a0(Chamayou 89).<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647<\/strong>\u00a0\u062c\u06ab\u0693\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u062f \u062c\u0646\u06ab\u064a \u062c\u067c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u06a9\u0633\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06d0 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a\u060c \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u0686\u0647 \u062f \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0693 \u062f\u064a. \u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0689\u0644\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u0646\u064a \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0646 \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0693\u0648 \u062f\u069a\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u064a (Gettinger 23).<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u064a \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u06d0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u0628\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u064a \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u0648\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u06d0 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u069a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0689\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062f \u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u062c \u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u00a0(Krepinevich 56).<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u06ab\u067c\u0648\u060c \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u062f \u0628\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u064a \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0689\u06cd \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u06d0\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u06a9 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u064a. \u062f \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06d0\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u064a \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0647. \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u062c\u0646\u06ab\u064a \u062c\u067c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0696 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0693 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0648\u064a\u00a0(Singer 102).<\/p>\n

\u062f \u062c\u0646\u06ab\u064a \u062c\u067c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062c\u0646\u06ab\u064a \u062c\u067c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0685\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0693\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u062c\u067c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u060c \u0686\u067c\u06a9\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u06ab\u064a \u0681\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d0 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cd \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u0644\u06ab\u069a\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u067c \u062f \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u064a. \u062e\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u06ab\u064a \u062c\u067c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0693\u06d0 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u064a. \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u062f \u0645\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06d0\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a-<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0628\u06d0\u200c\u067e\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u067c\u0647 \u06ab\u0689 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u00a0(MUM-T)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u062f \u062c\u0646\u06ab\u064a \u062c\u067c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u063a\u069a\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u06cc. \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062c\u067c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u067c\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0685\u0627\u0631\u0646\u06d0\u060c \u0628\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u064a \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u0647\u200c\u06cc\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u00a0(Department of Defense).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0681\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0681\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u00a0(AI\u00a0)\u00a0\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u062f\u0647.\u00a0\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d0\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u06a9\u0646\u067c\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u06a9\u0693\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u00a0(Horowitz 134).<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0648 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0\u069a\u0646\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u0645\u0633\u0648\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0645\u06d0 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u062f \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062f \u062c\u0646\u06ab\u064a \u062c\u067c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u067e\u0648\u069a\u062a\u0646\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u0633\u0631\u063a\u0693\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u062f\u0647\u00a0(Chamayou 121).<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062c\u0646\u06ab\u064a \u062c\u067c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06d0 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u0648 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u0648\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u06d0 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693\u0648\u064a. \u062c\u067c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u06d0\u00a0\u0647\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0681 \u062a\u0647\u00a0\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u060c \u0681\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06d0\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u00a0\u0689\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u06cc\u06cc \u0644\u0696 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0631\u064a.\u00a0\u067e\u0647 \u06ab\u0689\u0647\u060c \u062f\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0647\u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0681\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e \u06a9\u0693\u064a \u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u067c\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cd \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0645\u062e\u062a\u06ab \u0633\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06d0\u200c\u067e\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u067c\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u0689\u06ab\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06ab\u0689 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062f \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0681\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0693\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0693\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u062c\u0646\u06ab\u064a \u062c\u067c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0689\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0631\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648 \u0634\u062e\u0693\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u067c\u06a9\u0644 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0627\u06cc<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0647\u0627\u06a9<\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0686\u060c \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6<\/p>\n

Works Cited (MLA Style)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Boyle, Michael J.\u00a0The Drone Age: How Drone Technology Will Change War and Peace<\/em>. Oxford University Press, 2020.<\/p>\n

Chamayou, Gr\u00e9goire.\u00a0A Theory of the Drone<\/em>. Translated by Janet Lloyd, The New Press, 2015.<\/p>\n

Department of Defense.\u00a0Unmanned Systems Integrated Roadmap 2017\u20132042<\/em>. U.S. Department of Defense, 2018.<\/p>\n

Gettinger, Dan.\u00a0The Drone Databook<\/em>. Center for the Study of the Drone, 2019.<\/p>\n

Hartung, William D.\u00a0Prophets of War: Lockheed Martin and the Making of the Military-Industrial Complex<\/em>. Nation Books, 2011.<\/p>\n

Horowitz, Michael C.\u00a0The Diffusion of Military Power: Causes and Consequences for International Politics<\/em>. Princeton University Press, 2010.<\/p>\n

Keaney, Thomas A., and Eliot A. Cohen.\u00a0Gulf War Air Power Survey<\/em>. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993.<\/p>\n

Krepinevich, Andrew F.\u00a07 Deadly Scenarios: A Military Futurist Explores War in the 21st Century<\/em>. Bantam Books, 2009.<\/p>\n

Lockheed Martin. \u201cF-35 Lightning II Program Overview.\u201d\u00a0Lockheed Martin<\/em>,\u00a0www.lockheedmartin.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Singer, P. W.\u00a0Wired for War: The Robotics Revolution and Conflict in the 21st Century<\/em>. Penguin Press, 2009.<\/p>\n

Till, Geoffrey.\u00a0Air Power and the Royal Navy, 1914\u20131945: A Historical Survey<\/em>. Routledge, 2013.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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