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\u060c \u067e\u0644\u0646\u0689\u0648\u0644 \u00a0\u06cc\u06d0 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u06cc. \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u063a\u062a \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u063a\u0648\u067c\u0647\u060c \u067e\u06d0\u067c\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u0646\u0689\u0647\u060c\u00a0 \u0648\u0681\u0647(<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>) \u0627\u0648 \u00a0\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0648\u0631\u0681\u06cd \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647<\/strong>: \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u062f \u0645\u0648\u067c\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0689\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a <u>\u067e\u0644\u0646\u0689\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0644\u0646\u0689\u067e\u0634\u0627<\/u> \u062f\u06cc.<u> \u067e\u0644\u0646\u0689\u0647<\/u>\u00a0 \u067e\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u064a. \u062f \u0647\u0631\u064a<u> \u067e\u0644\u0646\u0689\u064a<\/u> \u067e\u0631 \u0633\u0631 \u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u06cd \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u064a. \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0647 <u>\u067e\u0644\u0646\u0689\u0647<\/u> \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0631\u0648\u00a0 \u0645\u0648\u067c\u0631 \u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u00a0\u06cc\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0647\u00a0 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0689\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0628\u06d0 \u067e\u0644\u0646\u0689\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u00a0 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/strong> : &#8211; \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u0646\u0689\u0647 \u06ab\u067c\u064a\u060c\u00a0 \u0645\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0689\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u00a0&#8211; \u0632\u0648\u0645\u00a0 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u0646\u0689\u0647 \u069a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">&#8211; \u067e\u0647 \u00a0\u067e\u0644\u0646\u0689\u0647 \u00a0\u06ab\u067c\u0644\u06d0 \u00a0\u067e\u0647 \u00a0\u0648\u0646\u0689\u0647 \u00a0\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0644\u06d0.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">&#8211; \u067e\u0644\u0646\u0689\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0631\u00a0 \u0648\u0696\u0647\u00a0 \u067e\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u0647.(<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0644\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u062f\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0647 \u0685\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0686\u064a \u062f\u064a \u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0633 \u067e\u0631 \u0633\u0631 \u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0646\u064a<u> \u067e\u0644\u0646\u0689\u0647<\/u><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06f2\u06f7\u06f2 \u0645\u062e<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0639 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631 <u>\u067e\u0644\u0646\u0689\u0647<\/u> \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0693\u0645<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0645 <a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06f8\u06f0\u0645\u062e<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0648\u062a\u06a9:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><u>\u067e\u0644\u0646\u0689\u064a<\/u> \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0647\u0640 \u0648\u00a0 \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0696\u064a<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u00ab\u00ab\u00ab<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u062f\u0647 <u>\u00a0\u067e\u0644\u0646\u0689\u0647 <\/u>\u00a0\u06cc\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0627<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0693\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0627<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f4\u06f5 \u0645\u062e<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u00ab\u00ab\u00ab<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u067c\u06cc \u0689\u06a9 \u062f \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u069a\u0647 \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u0647<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0686 \u0633\u0631 \u062f \u0628\u06ab\u0693\u06cd <u>\u067e\u0644\u0646\u0689\u0647<\/u><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u00ab\u00ab\u00ab<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u064a \u06a9\u0693\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0647\u060c <u>\u00a0\u067e\u0644\u0646\u0689\u064a<\/u> \u0648\u062a\u0693\u0644\u0647<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u0648\u0646\u0693\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u0647(<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u00ab\u00ab\u00ab<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2\u06f7\u06f6\u060c\u06f2\u06f8\u06f3 \u0645\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0628\u0642\u0686\u0647\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0686\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0686\u0647 \u00a0\u0628\u06bc\u064a \u06cc\u06d0 \u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u064a \u0698\u0628\u064a \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u062e\u06cc\u0644\u064a \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u06d0 \u062f\u064a. \u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u064a fardel\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629. \u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0681\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u067e\u06d0\u067c\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0681\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0696\u064a. \u062f \u0644\u0648\u06d0\u062f\u06cc\u0681 \u0647\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u067e\u0644\u0648 \/ palow, \u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a (<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>). \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cd \u062f\u0631\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a\u00a0 \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u064a \u067e\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0646\u0689\u06a9 \u062f\u062e\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u00a0\u062f \u00a0\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0698\u0628\u064a \u067e\u06cc\u062a\u064a + \u062f\u0646 paiti + dana\u00a0 anAd-itiap\u062f \u067c\u0648\u06a9\u0631 \u062f \u062e\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u06d0\u067c\u064a \u062a\u0693\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u064a \u062f \u00ab\u067e\u06cc\u067c\u064a\u00bb \u0685\u062e\u0647\u00a0 \u0644\u06cc\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a \u062f \/\u062f\u0646 \/ \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u062f\u0647. \u0632\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u00a0 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u062f \/\u067e\u0644\u0646\u0689\u0647\/ \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u062f \u067e\u0644\u0646\/ plan \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u00a0\u0689\u0647\/ \u1e0da \u00a0\u0638\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u06d0 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0645\u00a0 \u062f\u06cc. \u062f \u067e\u0644\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u06f6\u06f1\u06f2 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u0647\u0645\u00a0 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u06d0 \u062f\u0647: \u00ab\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0696 \u06a9\u0696\u062f\u06cd \u062f\u064a \u067e\u06a9\u069a\u064a \u067e\u0644\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u062f\u0627 \u0648\u06ab\u0693\u064a \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u00bb <a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a> \u00a0\u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u00a0\u067e\u0644\u0646 \u00a0\u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u062f \u00ab \u067e\u0685\u0646\u064e\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0pa\u03b8ana anaqap \u00bb \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u064a \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a (<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a>). \u062f \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u062f\u0631\u064a \u0698\u0628\u064a \u067e\u0647\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u069a\u0627\u064a\u064a \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u062f \u067e\u0685\u0646\u064e \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u062e\u06cc\u0644\u00a0 \u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0644\u06cc \/ <\/strong><strong>natalay<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0646\u062a\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u062f \u0648\u062a\u0644\u06cc- \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u063a\u062a \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0632\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0630\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u060c \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u067e\u06d0\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0628\u062e\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0641\u0647\u060c \u063a\u0645\u062c\u0646 \u0627\u0648&#8230; (<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a>) \u00a0\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a. \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u06d0\u062f\u06cc\u0681 \u0648\u06cc\u069a\u062a \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0646\u06ab \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u06ab\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u06cc\u06d0 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0646\u062a\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u06cd \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647: \u062a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0644\u064a \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0644\u06cc \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u069a\u0647 \u062f\u06cc. \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u00a0\u0627\u06a9\u0627 \u06cc\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0693\u06cc \u062f\u06cc. \u0646\u062a\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0693 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">&#8211; \u0646\u062a\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0647. \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u06d0 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">-\u0646\u062a\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">-\u0646\u062a\u0644\u06cc \u0685\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0686\u064a \u062f \u0645\u0681\u06a9\u064a \u067e\u0631 \u0633\u0631 \u0648\u064a \u0647\u063a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0681\u06a9\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0644 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">-\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0693\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0631 \u069a\u0647 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u067c\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0647\u06d0\u0685 \u067e\u06c0 \u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06d0\u0696\u06d0 \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u06d0 \u0685\u06c0 \u062f\u0626 \u0633\u062a\u0627 \u067e\u06c0 \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0643\u069a\u06d0\u061f<br \/>\n\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u062f \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u06c0 \u062a\u0627<u> \u0646\u062a\u0644\u0649<\/u> \u0632\u06c0 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u06d0 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u00a0 (<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0685\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0696\u064a<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u062e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0632\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0641\u0648 \u0632\u06c0 \u062a\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0647\u0627<u> \u0646\u062a\u0640\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0649<\/u> \u0646\u06c0 \u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f1\u06f3\u06f2\u0645\u062e<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u00a0\u062f \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cd \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062f *narp\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0waning\u2019\u00a0\u00a0 Liste: 40\u00a0 Pres. inch.: IND. 3sg. OAv. n r fsait \u012b (Y 44.3), YAv. n r fsaiti (Yt 7.2, Ny 3.4); Partic.: pres. YAv n er efsaiti <a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a>s \u00ba (Yt 7.2, Ny 3.4)\u00a0 \u25ca With no further correspondences, the Av. forms are hardly of Ir.\/IE origin.\u00a0 \u2022REFERENCES: Kellens 1984: \u00a0157 ad 15.&gt; \u00a0(<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a>)\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u06cc\u069a\u0647 \u062f \u0644\u0696\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0644 \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u06d0 \u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u0644\u064a \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0650\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u062f \u00ab\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0645\u064e nitema \u00bb \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u00a0Evolution\u0627\u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 involution \u06a9\u0693\u06cc \u0648\u06cc. \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u069a\u064a\u00a0 \u0646\u0648\u062a\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0928\u094c\u0924\u0932\/nautala \u062f \u0644\u0648\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u064a\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062f \u0646\u062a\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u069a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0696\u064a.(<a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a>) \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0647\u0645\u00a0 \u00a0\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0645\u064e\/nitema\/amvtin \u0635\u0641\u062a \u00a0\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u06d0 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 (<a href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a>) \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u069a\u0647 \u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u067e\u0627\u06a9 \/ t\u0259p\u0101k<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u062f \u0685\u069a\u0627\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0633\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u00a0 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u06ab\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0645\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062f \u062a\u067e\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0642\u060c \u06ab\u0631\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u06d0 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0634\u060c \u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u060c \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0644\u067c\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u069a\u069a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc.(<a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a>) \u062a\u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u062f \u0647\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u060c \u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627. \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a(\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0647\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u062a) \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u067e\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u00a0 \u0685\u062e\u0647 &#8230; (<a href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u06cd \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647<\/strong>: \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u0648\u060c \u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627 \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u00a0 \u062a\u067e \u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0648\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0631 \u0685\u0648\u00a0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u062a\u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u06cc\u06d0 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0693.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">-\u062f \u062a\u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0693\u06cc \u064a\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">&#8211; \u062a\u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06d0.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">-\u062a\u067e\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0693\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u064a\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u067c\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u064a<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u06c0 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0685\u0648\u06a9 \u0632\u0693\u06c0 \u0633\u06d0\u0681\u064a<u> \u062a\u067e\u0627\u06a9 <\/u>\u06a9\u0627<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0686\u06d0\u0631\u064a \u0628\u06c0 \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0686\u06d0 \u0646\u06c0 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0646\u06c0 <u>\u062a\u067e\u0627\u06a9<\/u>\u060c \u0646\u06c0 \u067e\u06a9\u069a\u06d0 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0634\u062a\u0647<br \/>\n\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u06d0 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0647\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064a\u064a \u062f\u0647<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u00ab\u00ab\u00ab<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u062e \u064a\u06d0 \u0645\u062e\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u06d0 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0647\u062f \u2013\u0639\u0647\u062f<br \/>\n\u0646\u06c0 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u063a\u060c \u0646\u06c0 \u064a\u06d0 \u0641\u0631\u06d0\u0628\u060c \u0646\u06c0 \u062a\u0634<u> \u062a\u067e\u0627\u0643<\/u><br \/>\n\u00ab\u00ab\u00ab<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0631\u0681 \u0648 \u0634\u067e\u0647 \u0645\u06d0 \u062f <u>\u062a\u067e\u0627\u0643<\/u> \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<br \/>\n\u0643\u06c0 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0643\u06c0 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0693\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0643\u06c0 \u0685\u0645\u0644\u0645<br \/>\n\u06f1\u06f4\u06f8\u060c \u06f3\u06f5\u06f2\u060c \u06f5\u06f4\u06f1\u0645\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u062e\u0631\u06af\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u06a9<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u00a0 \u0631\u0646\u062c\u00a0 \u0648 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0650\u0644 <u>\u062a\u067e\u0627\u06a9<\/u><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u06cc\u0631\u064a \u060c \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062a\u067e \u0627\u0648\u00a0 \u062a\u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0646. \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \/\u062a\u0647\u062a\u06a9\/tahtak \u00a0\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062f \u06ab\u0693\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627.<a href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a> \u06cc\u0648 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06ab\u064a \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06cc.(<a href=\"#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a>) \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062a\u067e \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u064a \u062f\u064a. \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u06d0 \u062a\u067e\u06d0\u062f\u0644 \u060c \u0628\u06d0\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u06ab\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u06d0 \u062f\u0647. \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \/\u062a\u067e tap\/ \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cd \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u0648.(<a href=\"#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a>) \u00a0\u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u064a\u00a0 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062f \/\u062a\u0627\u067e\u0627\u06a9\/ \u0627\u0648 \/\u062a\u067e\u0627\u06a9\/ \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u06bc\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06cc. (<a href=\"#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\">[19]<\/a>)\u00a0 \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u063a\u062f\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0101tp\u2019k \u0627\u062a\u067e\u0627\u06a9\u060c \u0632\u0693\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u062a\u067e\/*tap,tab \u00a0\u062f\u0647. (<a href=\"#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\">[20]<\/a>)\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u067c \u0645\u067c \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u06d0 \u06af\u0631\u0645\u064a \u060c \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u064a: \u0924\u092a\/tapa\/ \u062a\u067e\u064e\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. (<a href=\"#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a>) \u0633\u0646\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0924\u093e\u092a\/t\u0101pa \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0627 =\u00ab\u00a0\u00a0 mental or physical pain\u00bb\u0645\u063a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u064a \u062f\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062f \u062a\u067e+ \u0627\u06a9\u00a0 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0685\u062e\u0647\u00a0 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u06cc\u069a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u06d0 \u062f\u0647. \u067e\u0647 \u06f3\/\u06f1 \u06cc\u0634\u062a\u060c \u06f7\u060c \u06f4 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u060c \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062a\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\/t\u0101payeiti\/utieuuapAt. \u0644\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u0647\/ \u062a\u067e\/*tap &gt; tap\u0101nd \/ \u062a\u067e\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c&gt; \u062a\u067e\u0627\u06a9\/tap\u0101k \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062f \u00a0\u062a\u067e\/ *tap\u00a0 \u0644\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u069a\u06d0 . \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062a\u067e\/\u00a0 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u06cc\u069a\u06d0 *tap \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0693\u06cc \u062f\u06cc . \u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u069a\u064a *tep-tepere \u00a0*\u062f warm \u06ab\u0631\u0645 \u060c \u062c\u0648\u0634 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0648 (<a href=\"#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a>)\u060c \u00a0\u0622\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064a\u064a \u2013 \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0648 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u06cc\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u067c \u0645\u067c \u0634\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0648\u06d0\u062f\u06cc\u0681\u064a \u0644\u0647\u062c\u06d0 \u062e\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a \u06a9\u0693\u06cc \u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u0648\u064a. \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0698\u0628\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cd \u0633\u0631\u0628\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u062a\u067e\/*tap \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u06cc\u069a\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0698\u0628\u06a9\u0648 \u0631\u0646\u06cd\u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0647\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0647: *tap <sup>v<\/sup> :to hurry,gallop:Tung*dab, mong,*dab,Turk, *dabra PTung, *dab,mettled(of a horse) man.dabdali,dabduri. \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u064a\u060c \u0645\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0648 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0689\u0627\u06ab\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u06d0 \u0631\u06cc\u069a\u0647 \u0685\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0696\u064a. (<a href=\"#_ftn23\" name=\"_ftnref23\">[23]<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0633\u062a\u0647\/ <\/strong><strong>sta<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u00ab\u0633\u062a\u0647\u00bb\u00a0 \u067e\u0631 \u00a0\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u062f\u00ab \u06a9\u0693\u0647 \u00bb \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u06a9\u064a \u00a0\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u064a \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u06d0 \u067e\u0647\u00a0 \u0633\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0681\u064a. \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u06d0\u062f\u06cc\u0681\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a (\u0633\u062a\u0647) \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647\u00a0 \u0681\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0681\u0648 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u069a\u064a\u00a0 (\u0634\u062a\u0647) \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0646\u06ab \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0632 \u0689\u0648\u0644\u00a0 \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u06ab\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062f \u0633\u062a\u0647\/sta\u00a0 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0693 \u062f\u06cc. \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u069a\u064a\u00a0 \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a \u0686\u064a \u062f \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 (\u0633\u062a\u0647) \u0648\u067c\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u06a9\u0647 (\u0634\u062a\u0647)\u061f<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647: \u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u062f \u0634\u0645\u06d0\u0631 \u0685\u062e\u0647 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dir=\"rtl\"><em>\u0646\u0648\u0645+\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0644+\u0646\u0648\u0645+\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0644+\u0641\u0639\u0644<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2.\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f3.\u067e\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u06ab \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0698\u0693\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0693\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0644+\u0646\u0648\u0645\u00a0\u00a0 + \u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0644+ \u0641\u0639\u0644+\u0631\u0628\u0637+\u0641\u0639\u0644+ \u0641\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0634\u06cc:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f1.\u063a\u0646\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0689\u064a\u064a \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0646\u0648\u0645+\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0644+\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0644+\u0641\u0639\u0644<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2.\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 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dir=\"rtl\">\u06f3.\u067e\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062f\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0644\u06d0:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f1. \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2.\u067e\u0647 \u062c\u06d0\u0628 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0645\u064a \u067e\u06cc\u0633\u06d0 \u0633\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f3.\u067e\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0645\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064a\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0644\u06d0: (<a href=\"#_ftn24\" name=\"_ftnref24\">[24]<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f1.\u067e\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0647!<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2.\u067e\u0647 \u062c\u06d0\u0628 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0645\u064a \u067e\u06cc\u0633\u06d0 \u0633\u062a\u0647!<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f3.\u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0647!<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u00ab\u0633\u062a\u0647\u00bb \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u064a \u067e\u0647\u00a0 \u0633\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0696\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0644\u06d0 \u067e\u0647\u00a0 \u067e\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u069a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f1.\u069a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06ab\u064a \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2.\u067e\u0647 \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0644\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u06a9\u069a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f1.\u067e\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0689\u0648\u0689\u06cd \u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0686\u064a \u0648\u06cc\u06d0 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u06d0.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2.\u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u06d0.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0644\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0631 \u06a9\u069a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f1.\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0646\u00a0 \u0686\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u06a9\u069a\u064a\u00a0 \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u069a\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2.\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u069a\u0681\u064a \u0686\u064a \u0633\u06ab\u0631\u06d0\u067c \u0685\u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f3.\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u06ab\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0689\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u00ab\u0633\u062a\u0647\u00bb \u0627\u0648 \u00ab\u062f\u06cc\u00bb \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u06ab\u0689\u0648\u0689\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f1.\u062f \u00ab\u0633\u062a\u0647\u00bb \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u06a9\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f \u06cc\u0648 \u0686\u0627 \u060c \u0634\u064a \u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u069a\u064a\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">-\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u062a\u0647. \u062f\u0622\u062e\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0681 \u0645\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0647. \u00a0\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06cd \u0645\u0648 \u067c\u06cc\u0646\u06ab \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2.\u062f \u00ab\u062f\u06cc\u00bb \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u00a0\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u069a\u064a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">-\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">-\u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u062a\u0647. \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646 \u0696\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u00a0\u00ab\u0633\u062a\u0647\u00bb \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc There is \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u0623\u06a9\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">-\u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0689\u06cc\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">-\u0633\u062a\u0647\u00a0 \u0645\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u064a \u0631\u0634\u0648\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u00ab\u0633\u062a\u0647\u00bb \u0686\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u00ab\u0634\u062a\u0647\u00bb \u067e\u0647 \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u06cc\u0648 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062f \u063a\u0627\u06cc\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0696\u064a. \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u060c \u067e\u06a9\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u063a\u0632\u0646\u064a\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0647\u0627\u067c \u0627\u0648 \u0689\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u00a0\u00a0 \u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u064a \u062f (\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0647) . \u0647\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0646\u0632\u0644\u00a0 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u06ab\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u064a \u0686\u064a \u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062f \u0646\u0648\u0645+ \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u069a\u064a\u064a. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">-\u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">-\u067e\u0631 \u0645\u06d0\u0632 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0647.(<a href=\"#_ftn25\" name=\"_ftnref25\">[25]<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062e\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u062f \u0644\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062f \u0646\u0648\u0645+ \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0686\u064a \u0685\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0644\u0648\u0693\u00a0 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u00a0 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u06ab\u0648\u0631\u0626:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u064a \u0642\u06cc\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0645 \u060c \u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0689\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u064a\u060c (\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u064a \u2013 \u067e\u0647 + \u0646\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0689\u0644\u0647) \u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u060c \u062f \u0631\u0628\u0637\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0628\u06bc\u064a \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u06a9\u0647: \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0647. \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u064a \u062f \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0689\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u064a \u062f \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u064a\u00ab\u0633\u062a\u0647\u00bb \u062f \u0634\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f \u00ab\u0633\u062a\u0647\u00bb \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0689\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0644\u00a0 \u062f \u062c\u0645\u0644\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0631 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u00a0 \u062a\u0631 \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u062f There is\/There are \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">There are some good books in her home.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0647\u063a\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u069a\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">There is some food in the kitchen.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u067e\u0632\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0646\u06cd \u0628\u0648\u0644\u06ab\u064a \u062f \u00ab\u0633\u062a\u0647\u00bb \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u067e\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">-\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0644\u00a0 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0646\u0648\u0645\u00a0 + \u0646\u0648\u0645 +\u00a0 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644. \u062f \u00ab\u062f\u06cc\u00bb \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0645\u00a0 \u062f (\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a) \u062f \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u00ab\u06cc\u0645\u00bb \u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0696\u064a. \u062f \u00ab\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0644\u00bb \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0645\u00a0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0645\u00a0 \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0648\u00a0 \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u00a0 \u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0645 (\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc) \u062f \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0645(\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0644) \u062f\u00a0 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u06a9\u0644\u0647\u00a0 \u06cc\u0648 \u0685\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u00a0 \u0627\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693\u0648\u064a. \u062f\u063a\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0628\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u06d0 \u0686\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u062f (\u0646\u0648\u0645 + \u0641\u0639\u0644) \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u06a9\u064a \u00a0\u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u00a0 \u067e\u0647 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06bc\u064a\u00a0 \u06cc\u06d0 \u062f \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0689\u0648\u0644\u00a0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<table dir=\"rtl\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"208\"><strong>\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"208\"><strong>\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"208\"><strong>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644(\u06cc\u0645 &#8211; \u062f\u06cc)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"208\">\u0632\u0647<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u06cc<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0648\u06cc<\/p>\n<p>\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0644<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0631<\/p>\n<p>\u067c\u0648\u0644\u06ab\u06cd\u0648\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n<p>\u067c\u0648\u0644\u06ab\u064a \u06a9\u069a\u064a<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">\u06cc\u0645<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u06cc<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u06cc<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u062a\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644(\u06cc\u0645 \u2013 \u062f\u06cc) \u0628\u06bc\u064a\u061b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 (\u06cc\u0645-\u062f\u06cc) \u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0685\u06d0\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06d0\u00a0 \u0628\u06bc\u064a \u0644\u0631\u064a: \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u062f\u0631\u06d0\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0639. \u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0622\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064a\u064a \u2013 \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0647\u0645 \u062f (\u06cc\u0645 \u2013 \u062f\u06cc) \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u06a9\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0646\u06ab \u0644\u0631\u064a. \u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a\u00a0 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0648 \u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a. \u0644\u06a9\u0647: \u062a\u0644\u0644\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0644\u060c \u06a9\u06d0\u062f\u0644\u060c \u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d0\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0648&#8230;(<a href=\"#_ftn26\" name=\"_ftnref26\">[26]<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062f \u00ab\u0633\u062a\u0647\u00bb \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u06d0\u062f\u06cc\u0681\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u00ab\u0633\u062a\u0647\u00bb \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0631\u06cc\u069a\u06d0 *es \u0685\u062e\u0647. \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a esti \u060c \u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0646 est. \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u06a9\u064a (\u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u064a \u0632\u0693\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0647\u061f) \u06a9\u069a\u064a ast\u0101&lt; \u0627\u0648\u00a0 \u0633\u062a\u0627 st\u0101\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u063a\u062f\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a styy\u060c \u0632\u0693\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a *ahmati \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u06d0 \u0631\u06cc\u069a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0647 (<a href=\"#_ftn27\" name=\"_ftnref27\">[27]<\/a>) \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u062a&lt;*\u0101sti\u00a0 \u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00a0 \u0631\u06cc\u069a\u0647 *ahmi&gt; \u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0631\u06cc\u069a\u0647\u00a0 \u06f1\u06f0\/\u06f3 \u06cc\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u06f2\u06f0\u060c \u06f2 \u00a0\u00a0*asti \u0627\u0648 *st\u0101ta\/atAas \u062f \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062f \u062e\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0631 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0650\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u062f \u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06f1\/\u06f2 \u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06f1\u06f5 \u0627\u0648 \u06f9\u060c \u06f1\u06f1\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u060c \u06f1\u06f5\u060c \u06f1\u06f8 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062f \u00ab\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648- \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u00bb \u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u060c utar-OtAts\/st\u0101to-ratu \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06cc. (<a href=\"#_ftn28\" name=\"_ftnref28\">[28]<\/a>) \u0632\u0647 \u062f \u00ab\u0633\u062a\u0647\u00bb \u062f \u0631\u06cc\u069a\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062f (\u067e\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a pokorny IEW 340) \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f \u00abasti\u00bb \u062f \u0628\u0648\u0644\u06ab\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0645. \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u00ab asti\u00bb \u0631\u06cc\u069a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u064a \u062f \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0696\u064a. \u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627 \u0686\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0650\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u064a \u062f \u00ab\u0633\u062a\u0647\u00bb \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u062f\u0631\u064a \u0698\u0628\u064a \u00ab\u0627\u0633\u062a\u00bb \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u06a9\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u067c \u0645\u067c \u0627\u0646\u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0631\u0648 \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0686\u064a \u062f \u06cc\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u06cc\u06d0 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u06ab\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u06d0 \u0686\u064a \u06a9\u067c \u0645\u067c \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u06bc\u064a \u062f\u064a \u0647\u06cc\u0685 \u06ab\u0648\u0646\u06ab\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 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\u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062f \u00a0\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u062f \u00ab asti\u00bb \u0631\u06cc\u069a\u0647 \u0686\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u069a\u0647 \u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0633\u0648\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u06d0 \u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0627\u062e\u0681\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0644\u06cc\u06a9<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul dir=\"rtl\">\n<li>[1] . \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u2013 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc \u067c\u0648\u06a9\u060c \u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f3\u0634 \u060c \u06f5\u06f0\u06f1 \u0645\u062e<\/li>\n<li>[1] . \u0644\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u064a \u062f\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>[1] . \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0622\u0635\u0641 \u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0632\u06d0\u0631\u0645\u0647(\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0647)\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u067e\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647-\u067e\u06d0\u069a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f1\u0634\u060c \u06f4\u06f5\u0645\u062e<\/li>\n<li>[1] . \u0647\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u06f4\u06f5\u060c\u06f2\u06f7\u06f6\u060c\u06f2\u06f8\u06f3\u0645\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/li>\n<li>[1] . \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06c0 \u0633\u06a9\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0634\u060c \u06f9\u06f6 \u0645\u062e<\/li>\n<li>[1] . \u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u0628\u06cc\u0628\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u060c \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u062a \u062e\u067e\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u2013 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f9\u06f3\u0634 \u062f \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u06d0 \u0639\u06a9\u0627\u0633\u064a \u06f4 \u0645\u062e<\/li>\n<li>[1] . \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u060c \u06f2 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0622\u0630\u06cc\u0646\u060c\u00a0 \u06f1\u06f3\u06f6\u06f9\u0634\u060c \u06f8\u06f8\u06f0\u060c \u06f8\u06f4\u06f7 \u0645\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/li>\n<li>[1] . \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648-\u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0685\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u067c\u0648\u06a9\u060c \u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u060c \u06f2\u06f9\u06f4\u06f5\u0645\u062e<\/li>\n<li>[1] . \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u067c\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0639 \u067e\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f2\u0645\u062e<\/li>\n<li>[1] . \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0696\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>[1] . Johnny cheung,Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian verb, VOLUME 2,2007,p282<\/li>\n<li>[1] . monier williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, n<\/li>\n<li>[1] . \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u060c \u06f2 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u060c \u06f8\u06f1\u06f8 \u0645\u062e<\/li>\n<li>[1] . \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u060c \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u064a\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u06f1\u06f9\u06f9\u06f4\u0645\u060c \u06f3\u06f2\u06f4 \u0645\u062e<\/li>\n<li>[1] . \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641(\u06f1\u06f0\u06f6\u06f2 \u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639(\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0644\u063a\u062a)\u060c \u062f \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u067e\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f4\u06f2\u0634\u060c \u06f4\u06f6\u06f9\u0645\u062e<\/li>\n<li>[1] . \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062f\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u06a9\u0631\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u06cc \u062f\u06cc. \u0633\u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc. \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0647\u062a\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u069a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0696\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>[1] . \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0647\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644(\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0644\u063a\u062a)\u060c \u062f \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f5\u06f2\u0634\u060c \u06f1\u06f0\u06f3 \u0645\u062e<\/li>\n<li>[1] . \u062f\u0647\u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u062f \u062a \u062d\u0631\u0641.<\/li>\n<li>[1] . \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u060c \u06f3\u06f9\u06f5\u0645\u062e<\/li>\n<li>[1] . Ali,Nourai,Persian,English and other Indo-European Languages, p 473<\/li>\n<li>[1] . Monier Williams, Sanskrit \u2013 English Dictionary T word.<\/li>\n<li>[1] . DONALD.J.BORROR,Dictionary of word Roots combining, forms(complied form the Greek, Latin and other Languages.) first Edition, 1960,p 100.<\/li>\n<li>[1] . S.A Starostin.A.V. Dybo,O.A Mudak, An Etymological Dictionary of Altaic Language. P 1355<\/li>\n<li>[1] . \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u06a9\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u060c \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a\u060c \u06ab\u0648\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u067e\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f9\u06f1\u0634\u060c \u06f7 \u0645\u062e.<\/li>\n<li>[1] . \u0647\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0646\u0632\u0644\u060c \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0698\u0628\u0627\u0693\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062d\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u062e\u067e\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f9\u0634\u060c \u06f2\u06f0\u06f4 \u0645\u062e<\/li>\n<li>[1] . \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u060c \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u0645\u062e\u06a9\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062b\u0631\u060c \u06f4\u06f5-\u06f4\u06f4\u0645\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/li>\n<li>[1] . \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f3\u0634\u060c \u06f8\u06f9\u0645\u062e<\/li>\n<li>[1] . \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u060c \u06f3 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u060c \u06f1\u06f4\u06f4\u06f8 \u0645\u062e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u00a0. \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u2013 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc \u067c\u0648\u06a9\u060c \u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f3\u0634 \u060c \u06f5\u06f0\u06f1 \u0645\u062e<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> . \u0644\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u064a \u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> . \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0622\u0635\u0641 \u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0632\u06d0\u0631\u0645\u0647(\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0647)\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u067e\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647-\u067e\u06d0\u069a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f1\u0634\u060c \u06f4\u06f5\u0645\u062e<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> . \u0647\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u06f4\u06f5\u060c\u06f2\u06f7\u06f6\u060c\u06f2\u06f8\u06f3\u0645\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> . \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06c0 \u0633\u06a9\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0634\u060c \u06f9\u06f6 \u0645\u062e<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> . \u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u0628\u06cc\u0628\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u060c \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u062a \u062e\u067e\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u2013 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f9\u06f3\u0634 \u062f \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u06d0 \u0639\u06a9\u0627\u0633\u064a \u06f4 \u0645\u062e<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u00a0. \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u060c \u06f2 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0622\u0630\u06cc\u0646\u060c\u00a0 \u06f1\u06f3\u06f6\u06f9\u0634\u060c \u06f8\u06f8\u06f0\u060c \u06f8\u06f4\u06f7 \u0645\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> . \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648-\u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0685\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u067c\u0648\u06a9\u060c \u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u060c \u06f2\u06f9\u06f4\u06f5\u0645\u062e<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u00a0. \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u067c\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0639 \u067e\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f2\u0645\u062e<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> . \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> . Johnny cheung,Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian verb, VOLUME 2,2007,p282<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> . monier williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> . \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u060c \u06f2 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u060c \u06f8\u06f1\u06f8 \u0645\u062e<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> . \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u060c \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u064a\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u06f1\u06f9\u06f9\u06f4\u0645\u060c \u06f3\u06f2\u06f4 \u0645\u062e<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u00a0. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641(\u06f1\u06f0\u06f6\u06f2 \u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639(\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0644\u063a\u062a)\u060c \u062f \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u067e\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f4\u06f2\u0634\u060c \u06f4\u06f6\u06f9\u0645\u062e<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u00a0. \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u069a\u064a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062f\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u06a9\u0631\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u06cc \u062f\u06cc. \u0633\u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc. \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0647\u062a\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u069a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0696\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u00a0. \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0647\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644(\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0644\u063a\u062a)\u060c \u062f \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f5\u06f2\u0634\u060c \u06f1\u06f0\u06f3 \u0645\u062e<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u00a0. \u062f\u0647\u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u062f \u062a \u062d\u0631\u0641.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u00a0. \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u060c \u06f3\u06f9\u06f5\u0645\u062e<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> . Ali,Nourai,Persian,English and other Indo-European Languages, p 473<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> . Monier Williams, Sanskrit \u2013 English Dictionary T word.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> . DONALD.J.BORROR,Dictionary of word Roots combining, forms(complied form the Greek, Latin and other Languages.) first Edition, 1960,p 100.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> . S.A Starostin.A.V. Dybo,O.A Mudak, An Etymological Dictionary of Altaic Language. P 1355<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> . \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u06a9\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u060c \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u069a\u064a\u060c \u06ab\u0648\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u067e\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f9\u06f1\u0634\u060c \u06f7 \u0645\u062e.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u00a0. \u0647\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0646\u0632\u0644\u060c \u062f \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0698\u0628\u0627\u0693\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062d\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u062e\u067e\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f9\u0634\u060c \u06f2\u06f0\u06f4 \u0645\u062e<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> . \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u06a9 \u060c \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u0645\u062e\u06a9\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062b\u0631\u060c \u06f4\u06f5-\u06f4\u06f4\u0645\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> . \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f3\u0634\u060c \u06f8\u06f9\u0645\u062e<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> . \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06ab \u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u060c \u06f3 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u060c \u06f1\u06f4\u06f4\u06f8 \u0645\u062e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0689\u0645\u064a \u062f \u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u063a\u0693\u06cc \u0685\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0696\u0647 \u00a0\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u064a\u064a- \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0647. \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0698\u0628\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0698\u0628\u0647\u060c \u062f \u063a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0646\u0645 \u0698\u0628\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0646\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u00a0\u060c \u062f \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06d0 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u060c \u062f \u062c\u0631\u06ab\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0647\u060c \u062f \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u00a0\u0698\u0628\u0647. \u067e\u0647 \u00a0\u0646\u0693\u06cd [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":150713,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"categories":[1,323],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-205836","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"category-iterature"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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