{"id":193428,"date":"2020-01-08T13:09:21","date_gmt":"2020-01-08T08:39:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/taand.com\/main\/?p=193428"},"modified":"2021-08-08T13:10:52","modified_gmt":"2021-08-08T08:40:52","slug":"%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%88-%d9%87%db%8c%d9%85%d9%88%d9%86%db%8c%d8%b2%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=193428","title":{"rendered":"\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0644\u0693\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0648 \u062f \u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06ab\u06bc\u06d0 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u06d0 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0648 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u06cc. \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06d0: \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0634\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0651 \u0639\u0650\u0646\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0640\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0643\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0642\u0650\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\u00a0\ufd3f<a href=\"http:\/\/tanzil.net\/#8:22\">\u0662\u0662<\/a>\ufd3e<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0698\u0628\u0627\u0693\u0647: \u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0642 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u06ab\u0648\u0646\u06ab \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u06bc\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u06cc\u0685 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u06bc\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u06ab\u0648\u0646\u06ab ( \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u06ab\u06bc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a) \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0648 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062a\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0685\u0644\u064a \u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d0 \u062f \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0626:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06d0:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol dir=\"rtl\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0Johnson, Paul (2000).\u00a0The Renaissance. New York: The Modern Library. p.\u00a037.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">The influence of Jacob Burckhardt&#8217;s classic masterpiece of cultural history,\u00a0<a title=\"The Civilisation of the Renaissance in Italy\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Civilisation_of_the_Renaissance_in_Italy\">The Civilisation Of The Renaissance In Italy<\/a>\u00a0(1860) on subsequent Renaissance historiography is traced in Wallace K. Ferguson&#8217;s\u00a0The Renaissance in Historical Thought: Five Centuries of Historical Interpretation\u00a0(1948).<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0Ahmad, I. A. (3 June 2002).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.minaret.org\/ifrane.pdf\">The Rise And Fall Of Islamic Science: The Calendar As A Case Study<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Faith and Reason: Convergence and Complementarity.\u00a0<a title=\"Ifrane\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ifrane\">Ifrane<\/a>, Morocco:\u00a0<a title=\"Al-Akhawayn University\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Al-Akhawayn_University\">Al-Akhawayn University<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141129185204\/http:\/www.minaret.org\/ifrane.pdf\">Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved\u00a02014-12-31.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><a title=\"Charles Francis Potter\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Francis_Potter\">Potter, Charles<\/a>\u00a0(1930).\u00a0Humanism A new Religion. Simon and Schuster. pp.\u00a064\u201369.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nysec.org\/sitemap\/about-ethical-culture\/history\/\">&#8220;History: New York Society For Ethical Culture&#8221;<\/a>. New York Society for Ethical Culture. 2008. Retrieved\u00a02009-03-06.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0Morain, Lloyd; Morain, Mary (2007).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/aha-files.s3.amazonaws.com\/63\/226\/Hum_as_the_Next_Step.pdf\">Humanism As The Next Step<\/a>. Washington, D.C.: Humanist Press. p.\u00a0109.\u00a0<a title=\"International Standard Book Number\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0931779091\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0931779091\">978-0931779091<\/a>.\u00a0<a title=\"Library of Congress Control Number\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number\">LCCN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/lccn.loc.gov\/97-74611\">97-74611<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<a title=\"A. C. Crombie\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A._C._Crombie\">A. C. Crombie<\/a>,\u00a0Historians and the Scientific Revolution, p. 456 in\u00a0Science, Art and Nature in Medieval and Modern Thought\u00a0(1996).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0644\u0693\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0696\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0648 \u062f \u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06ab\u06bc\u06d0 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u06d0 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0631 \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u067c\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627 \u0681\u0644 \u062f \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0648. \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u069a\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0648\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0648 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":183755,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"categories":[2861],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-193428","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-zaland"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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