{"id":187456,"date":"2021-05-30T17:13:01","date_gmt":"2021-05-30T12:43:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/taand.com\/main\/?p=187456"},"modified":"2021-05-30T17:13:01","modified_gmt":"2021-05-30T12:43:01","slug":"%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%da%a9%d9%8a-%da%98%d8%a8%d9%be%d9%88%d9%87%d9%86%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%84-%da%9a%da%a9%d9%84%d9%89-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=187456","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 | \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u069a\u06a9\u0644\u0649"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f4- \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f4-\u06f1- \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062f \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u06ab\u0689\u0685\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u064a\u0632\u0647(Interdisciplinary) \u00a0\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0681\u064a\u0631\u06a9\u064a(Artificial intelligence ) \u0639\u0635\u0628 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0693\u064a.\u00a0 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0648 \u0631\u064a\u069a\u0647 \u062f \u0634\u0644\u0645\u06d0 \u067e\u06d0\u0693\u06cd \u0634\u067e\u0696\u0645\u06d0 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0632\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0648\u062e\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0648 \u0685\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631 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\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u06a9\u0627 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06d0 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647(ILP) \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0645\u06d0 \u0646\u0693\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u062c\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u067e\u064a\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062f \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647(ASTP) \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u062f\u063a\u0645 \u06a9\u0693\u0647.\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u062f \u067e\u0627\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0685\u0648 \u0698\u0628\u0648 \u062f \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u067e\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u060c \u0686\u06d0 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\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0693\u0627\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0633 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u064a\u0648\u067c\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0644.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f4-\u06f1-\u06f1- \u00a0\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0645\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06ab\u06bc\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0644\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0649.\u06a9\u0648\u0647\u0644\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f2\u06f5 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u06ab\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0693 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f (Mentality of Apes) \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0686\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u067e\u06a9\u06d0 \u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u0648\u0647.\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f4\u06f8 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u062f (Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and The Machine) \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u064a\u0648\u067c\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06ab\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0693.\u067c\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0649\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0646\u062e\u0686\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u06a9\u0693 \u0627\u0648 \u0648 \u064a\u06d0 \u069a\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u062a \u064a\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0686\u0644\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0631\u064a.\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f5\u06f6 \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u0693 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f (The Magical Number 7 Plus or Minus 2) \u0648\u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0647.\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f7\u06f2 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u06a9\u0693.\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u06ab\u0689\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0689 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0693.\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0631\u064a\u06a9 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f6\u06f7 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f &#8220;Cognitive Psychology&#8221; \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0647(Saul, 2020).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0686\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0632\u06d0 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"rtl\">\n<li>\u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u067e\u0631\u06d0\u06a9\u0693\u0647(\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/li>\n<li>\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0681\u0648\u0631\u06ab\u0631\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0698\u0628\u0647<\/li>\n<li>\u062f \u0634\u0645\u06d0\u0631\u0648 \u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u06ab\u0644\u0648\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647<\/li>\n<li>\u062f \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0647<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u06a9<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0649<\/li>\n<li>\u063a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0649<\/li>\n<li>\u062f \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0644 (Meta-cognition)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0686\u0644\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0685\u0631\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0686\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0632\u06d0 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0686\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0686\u0644\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0628\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0681\u0626.\u067e\u0631 \u0645\u062e \u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0693\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u06ab\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0628\u06d0\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0689\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0648\u0681\u0626.\u062f \u0686\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u06d0\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u06ab\u0631\u0681\u06d0\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0637 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u06d0 \u0633\u0693\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062a\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0681\u0626\u060c \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0681\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0632\u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0645 \u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062f \u0632\u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u062f \u0645\u062e\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0648 \u067e\u067c\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0633\u0648\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u06ab\u0631\u0681\u0626.\u062f\u0627 \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0646\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0685\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0686\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u06d0 \u067e\u069a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u069a\u06a9\u0644\u06d0 \u0648\u0647\u06d4<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u06d0\u0693\u06cd \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0627 \u062f \u0645\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0641 \u06a9\u0693 \u0686\u06d0 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u06a9\u0627 \u064a\u06d0 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0641 \u06a9\u0693\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u062f \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06d0\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06d0\u0696\u064a.\u062f\u06d0 \u06a9\u0634\u0641 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u067e\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0627\u063a\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0693\u0644(Julia Thomas).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0634\u0644\u0645\u06d0 \u067e\u06d0\u0693\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u0634\u067e\u0696\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0633\u062a.\u062f\u0627 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u062f\u0649\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u062f \u0632\u06d0\u0631\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0693\u0644\u0648(\u0689\u064a\u06a9\u0648\u0689 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648) \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u064a\u0648\u067c\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u0649.\u0622\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u06a9 \u0627\u0648\u0633 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u06ab\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u064a\u06d0 \u06ab\u06bc \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0644\u064a \u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0648:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f1- \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0646\u064a(\u0646\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a) \u0686\u0644\u0646 \u062f \u0686\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u00a0 \u0627\u0689\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u06d0 \u0689\u0627\u0689\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f \u0686\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d0(Behaviorism) \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u06ab\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0645\u06ab\u0693\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2- \u062f \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u06d0\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 (\u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0\u0696\u064a) \u067e\u0631\u0645\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f3- \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u062f \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u064a\u0648\u067c\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0644\u067c\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u067c \u062f \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u062f \u0686\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0648 \u0686\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u062f \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0633 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u06ab\u0631\u0681\u0627\u0648\u0647.\u0686\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u067e\u069a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u069a\u06a9\u0644\u06d0 \u0648\u0647\u060c \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0649 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c\u00a0 \u0646\u0648 \u067e\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0644\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0634\u064a(McLeod)\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u062f \u067e\u06d0\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u064a\u0645\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u064a\u0648\u067c\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u060c \u062f \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u064a\u0648\u067c\u0631 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u062f \u0632\u06d0\u0631\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0633 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0632\u06d0\u0631\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0633 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0686\u0633\u067e\u064a \u067e\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0693\u0647.\u067e\u0631 \u062f\u06d0 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u067e\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0647.\u067e\u064a\u0627\u0698\u0647 \u062f \u0645\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u06d0\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cd \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0685\u0631\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0632\u06d0\u0631\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0633 \u06a9\u0648\u064a.\u0698\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u064a\u0627\u0698\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u0693\u0649 \u062a\u06d0\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0649.\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0693\u064a \u062f \u0645\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0632\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u064a\u06d0 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632\u0646\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0693\u06cc. \u062f \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0693\u064a \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f \u0645\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a (Cognitive and Intellectual) \u0648\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0685\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u0634\u067e\u0693\u06d0\u0696\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f1- \u062d\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u064a \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 (Sensorimotor Stage): \u0644\u0647 \u0632\u0648\u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0646\u06cd.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2- \u0645\u062e \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 (Preoperational Stage): \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0646\u06cd \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f3- \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 (Concrete Operational stage): \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0648\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0648\u0644\u0633 \u06a9\u0644\u0646\u06cd \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f4- \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 (Formal Operational stage): \u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0648\u0644\u0633 \u06a9\u0644\u0646\u06cd \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0634\u067e\u0627\u0693\u0633 \u06a9\u0644\u0646\u06cd \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">(Brown, 2000: 61)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u067e\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u064a \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0645\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0685\u064a\u0632 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0685\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062e \u0686\u0644\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0627\u064a\u06ab\u0648\u0633\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0645 \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u062e \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u0646\u06cc \u062f \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0627\u0693\u064a\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc. \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u062f \u0685\u064a\u0632 \u06ab\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u062f &#8220;\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648&#8221; \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u06d0\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u064a. \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0631 \u0685\u0647 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0686\u0648\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0632(\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631) \u0685\u0631\u062e\u0648\u064a\u060c \u067e\u0631 \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u06d0 \u06ab\u067c\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0633\u06d0 \u0681\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0693\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0693 \u0685\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0698\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u064a\u0696\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u067e\u069a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u06ab\u06d0\u0696\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064a\u0696\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u06d0 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a. \u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u067e\u0693\u0627\u0648 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\u0681\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0648 \u0627\u0648 &#8220;\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0647&#8221;\u060c &#8220;\u062f \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0647&#8221; \u0627\u0648 \u062f &#8220;\u062f \u0633\u0645\u06d0 \u0634\u0648\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0647&#8221; \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0641\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u062a\u0632 \u063a\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0634\u0627\u06ab\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u064a\u06d0 \u0647\u0685\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0632\u06d0\u0696\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0648\u06ab\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u067e\u064a\u0646\u06d0 \u0648\u0648\u0647\u064a\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0649.\u0634\u0627\u06ab\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u064a\u06d0 \u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0647 \u0632\u06d0\u0696\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0647 \u0632\u06d0\u0696\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0648\u06ab\u06d0 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0649 \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0644\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u064a\u06d0 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0681\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0648 \u0633\u06a9\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u064a\u06d0 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u0647.\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u064a\u064a \u06ab\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631(Relational grammar) \u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0649 \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u064a\u0648\u0681\u0627\u0649 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u06a9\u0693.\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u062f \u0632\u06d0\u0696\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0648\u06ab\u06d0 \u067e\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u06ab\u0648\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0632\u06d0\u0696\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0689 \u062f \u0686\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0632\u06d0 \u062a\u064a\u0648\u0631\u06cd \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0649.\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0689 \u062f \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0686\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0681 \u0627\u0693\u064a\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u067e\u0631\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u064a\u06d0 \u0632\u06d0\u0696\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062f \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u06ab\u0647 \u06ab\u0648\u0631\u064a\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u060c \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a \u067e\u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0648.\u0644\u0647 \u0632\u06d0\u0696\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0649\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u064a\u061b \u062e\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u067c\u06a9\u0649 \u064a\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0649\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0631 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0681\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0648\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u064a.\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u064a\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0686\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0632\u06d0 \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u06ab\u0689 \u067c\u06a9\u0649 \u062f\u0649\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a \u064a\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0649\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0647 \u0647\u06d0\u0631\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u067c\u064a\u0646\u06ab\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u06d4<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u0646\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0632\u06d0\u0696\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0693\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0648\u06ab\u06d0 (Generative Transformational theory)\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u06ab\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u0627\u063a\u06d0\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"HkqH4S8jS2\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=185772\">\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 | \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u069a\u06a9\u0644\u0649<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 | \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u069a\u06a9\u0644\u0649&#8221; &#8212; \u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\" src=\"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=185772&#038;embed=true#?secret=ZbjeQV4RMH#?secret=HkqH4S8jS2\" data-secret=\"HkqH4S8jS2\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f1- \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0646\u060c \u067e\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0649.\u0627\u0645.\u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f9.\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0628(\u0628\u062e\u0634\u0649 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0628).\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0642 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633.\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0633\u0645\u062a<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u06f2- \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f3. \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0649(\u067e\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u0634\u0649).\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0645. \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06ab\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0627 (\u0633\u0645\u062a)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">3- Sampson, Geoffrey. 1980. Schools of linguistics (competition and evolution). London: Hutchinson &amp; Co. (Publishers) Ltd<\/p>\n<p>4- Thomas. Julia. February 04, 2021. What is Cognitive Psychology? Examples, Definitions, and Benefits: https:\/\/www.betterhelp.com\/advice\/psychologists\/what-is-cognitive-psychology-examples-definition-and-benefits\/?utm_source=AdWords&amp;utm_medium=Search_PPC_t&amp;utm_term=_b&amp;utm_content=118051369407&amp;network=g&amp;placement=&amp;target=&amp;matchtype=b&amp;utm_campaign=11771068538&amp;ad_type=text&amp;adposition=&amp;gclid=EAIaIQobChMIm5Cf-trX8AIVB5ftCh07ewmZEAAYASAAEgKsK_D_BwE<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">5- <a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/index.html\">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy<\/a>\u060c <em>Sep 24, 2018<\/em><em>: <\/em><em>https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/cognitive-science<\/em><em>\/<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">6- Mcleod, Saul. 2020, Cognitive Psychology: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simplypsychology.org\/cognitive.html\">https:\/\/www.simplypsychology.org\/cognitive.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u06f2 \u06f4- \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e: \u06f4-\u06f1- \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645: \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062f \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0647 \u06ab\u0689\u0685\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u064a\u0632\u0647(Interdisciplinary) \u00a0\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0681\u064a\u0631\u06a9\u064a(Artificial intelligence ) \u0639\u0635\u0628 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0698\u0628\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0693\u064a.\u00a0 \u062f \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0648 \u0631\u064a\u069a\u0647 \u062f \u0634\u0644\u0645\u06d0 \u067e\u06d0\u0693\u06cd \u0634\u067e\u0696\u0645\u06d0 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0632\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u06d0\u0696\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0648\u062e\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06d0\u0644\u0648 \u0685\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0648 \u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0685\u06d0\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u06d0. 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