{"id":136698,"date":"2019-10-09T21:27:46","date_gmt":"2019-10-09T16:57:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.taand.com\/main\/?p=136698"},"modified":"2020-08-13T21:05:48","modified_gmt":"2020-08-13T16:35:48","slug":"%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af-%da%89%d8%a7%da%a9%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%85%db%8c%da%96%db%8c-%d8%b4%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=136698","title":{"rendered":"\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f | \u0689\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0696\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f (Formale Logik) \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06cc\u0696\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u062e\u069a\u0647 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0628\u06bc\u0648\u00a0 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0633\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06bc\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u0648\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0696\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0646\u06ab\u06d0 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u062e\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u062e\u069a\u0647 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u0646\u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u00a0 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06cd \u0628\u06bc\u0647 (\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644) \u0627\u0646\u0681\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u064a.<\/span><\/h1>\n

\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627: \u062f \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0648\u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0693\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0647-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a. \u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06d0 \u067e \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0\u00a0 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a (\u060c\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u067e). \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0631\u069a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u060c\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u069a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c\u060c \u062f\u06cd \u062a\u0631 \u0647\u063a\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u0645\u063a\u0647 \u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u060c\u060c \u0631\u069a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0647\u060c\u060c \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0685\u067c.\u00a0 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0634\u062a\u0647. \u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u060c\u060c \u0631\u069a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u060c\u060c\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u069a\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u060c\u060c \u0648\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u06ab\u06d0:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06d0: \u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cd.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06d0: \u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cd<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06d0: \u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u06f1\u06f3\u06f0\u06f6 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0693 \u0634\u0648.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06d0: \u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u06f1\u06f3\u06f0\u06f6 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u0693\u00a0 \u0634\u0648 \u06cc \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cd.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0647\u06cc\u06ab\u0644\u00a0 <\/span>\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/span> Triade<\/span><\/a> \u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06d0\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u0681\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u067e\u0631\u0627\u06ab\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u064a: \u062f \u0647\u063a\u06d0 \u06a9\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u06a9\u0693\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u069a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u064a \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u069a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0646\u0689: \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0685\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u06a9\u0693\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u0634\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n

……………e<\/span>
\n<\/b>\u00a0 <\/b>Logik \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627:\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u06bc\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u06cc\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u062f \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0693\u0634\u0648\u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0633\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u0647: \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 (\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a logik\u1e17 = \u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647\u060c logik\u00f3s \u062a\u0647 = \u0647\u0648\u069a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0693\u0648\u0646\u062f)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u067e\u06cc\u0698\u0646\u062f: \u062f \u0644\u0648\u06ab\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0647 (<\/span>(von\u00a0 <\/span>\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u00a0<\/span>logik\u00e8<\/span><\/i> altgriechisch<\/span><\/a> \u0632\u0648\u0693 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u06cc\u201a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0632 \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0631denkende Kunst\u2018,<\/span>\u00a0 ).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u069a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0647 \u2013 \u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u067e\u0648\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u0647 – \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u067e\u0648\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u0647 \u2013 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u062e\u069a\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0693\u069a\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062f \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0647 \u0685\u06cc\u0693\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627 (\u062f \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0698\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u06d0 \u0648\u06ab\u0648\u0631\u06cd) \u062f \u0645\u0646\u0681\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u06d0 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9. \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u062e\u0647 \u0633\u0693\u06cc \u062f \u060c\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c\u060c \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u063a\u0696\u06cc\u0696\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062c \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u064a\u0689\u0648\u0644\u0647\u00a0 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u067e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u06d0 \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u06ab\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0689\u00a0 \u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0648 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0693 \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u0647. \u067e\u0647 \u0634\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0693\u06cd \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 (\u062f \u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647\u00a0 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0644\u0696 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u0645) \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0627\u06d0\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u06ab\u0647:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0647 \u0633\u067e\u064a \u0631\u069a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0631\u069a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u06cd \u067e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0645 \u069a\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u06ab\u06cc\u0632\u0645 (\u2013\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f)\u00a0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0633\u06d0 \u0628\u06cc\u0693\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u06cd. \u06a9\u06cc\u06bc \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u0685 \u06a9\u06d0\u060c \u062f \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0632\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06d0 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0648.<\/span><\/p>\n

Syllogismus:<\/span><\/i> ( \u0631\u069a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0693\u0646\u0647\u061f\u061f \u0628\u06cc\u0644\u06ab\u06d0 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u069a\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0648<\/span>)<\/span><\/i>: \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u069a\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0632 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0648 \u0681\u0627\u0646\u06ab\u0693\u064a \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

Parmenides<\/span><\/a>: \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u067e\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062f \u060c\u060c \u00a0 \u060c\u060c \u06cc\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0689\u06d0\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u060c\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u06d0\u069a\u062a\u064a \u0698\u0628\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u0644\u06d0 \u2013 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u064a( \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u063a\u0648\u0646\u0689\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06bc\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0644\u06ab\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a) \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 <\/span>\u067c\u06cc\u0646\u06ab \u067e\u06cc\u0698\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc<\/span> \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0631<\/span> \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0644\u06ab\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f (<\/span>Aussagenlogik<\/span><\/a> ) (\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a (\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u062f \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628)) \u062f\u06cd.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062e\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

— <\/span>Philosophische Logik<\/span><\/a> \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 – \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06cc\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0632 (\u067e\u0685 \u061f) \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644\u0634\u0648\u06cc \u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cd\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06ab\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0648\u062f \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u0689\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u064a \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06d0 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u064a\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0647\u063a\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0698\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0648 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0648 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 <\/span>\u0627\u0648\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648(\u0627\u0648\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647)<\/span> \u0645\u0627\u0693\u0647<\/span> \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062f \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06ab\u06cc\u0632 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0685\u0646\u06ab\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u0647 -\u06a9\u0647 \u0644\u0696\u0633\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u06cc\u06d0 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0648-\u060c \u0628\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0681\u0648\u0631\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06ab\u06cc\u0632 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u067c\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648(\u0645\u0646\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06d0\u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d0)\u00a0 \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0696\u064a. \u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u06ab\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062e\u0647 \u0646\u0647-\u067c\u0648\u0644\u06ab\u06cc\u0632 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u060c\u060c\u06a9\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c\u060c \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06ab\u06cc\u0632 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0696 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d0 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0648\u067c\u0648\u0644\u06ab\u06cc\u0632\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0647\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d0 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06ab\u06cc\u0632\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f\u064a.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0693\u0648\u0646\u062f\u00a0 \u062f <\/span>L. E. J. Brouwer<\/span><\/a> \u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0632\u0634\u0648\u06cc <\/span>Intuitionistische Logik<\/span><\/a> \u062f\u06d0\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u201eduplex-negatio \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0647-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u201c \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0645 (\u062f \u06cc\u0648\u06d0 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627 p \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0647-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u06cc\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 p \u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0681\u064a)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(DN)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062e\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u201e<\/span>tertium non datur<\/span><\/a>\u201c (\u062f \u0647\u0631\u06d0 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627 p \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0644\u0631\u064a:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

p \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0647- p )<\/span><\/p>\n

(TND)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0693\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u060c <\/span>Minimalkalk\u00fcl<\/span><\/a> \u062f\u00a0<\/span>Ingebrigt Johanssons<\/span><\/a>\u060c \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u00a0 \u201e<\/span>ex falso quodlibet<\/span><\/a>\u201c (\u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f) \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u069a\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0681\u064a)<\/span><\/p>\n

(EFQ)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u062f\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u062a\u0631\u06d0 \u0632\u0645\u0627 \u062f \u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06d0 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0681\u06cc\u0693\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u060c\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u062a\u0693\u0644\u06cc <\/span>Relevanzlogiken<\/span><\/a>\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u067c\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0628\u06bc\u06d0 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0647( \u00a0<\/span>relevant ) \u062f\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0647 \u062f \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0648\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0685\u06cc\u067e \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u0686\u06d0 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a.\u00a0 \u063a\u0648\u0646\u0689\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0693\u06cd \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0628\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u06ab\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u067c\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u064a \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u06a9\u0647 p \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u064a p \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u0628\u0631\u06d0\u069a\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06ab\u06cc\u0632 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0636\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0647. \u062a\u0631 \u0647\u063a\u06d0 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06ab\u06cc\u0632 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0644 – \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u062a\u0631 \u0647\u063a\u06d0\u00a0 \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06ab\u06cc\u0632 \u06ab\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u069a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c\u00a0 \u062f\u0627 \u063a\u0648\u0646\u0689\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f \u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u0685\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u06cc.<\/span><\/p>\n

— \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u06cc\u0632 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f<\/span> Fuzzylogik<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u06d0 \u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u06cc\u0632 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0693 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0645\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f <\/span>\u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0685\u06cc\u067e<\/span> ( \u0632\u0645\u0627 \u062f \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u06d0 \u0648\u06a9\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u064a) \u0627\u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u062f <\/span>\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u063a\u0648\u0646\u0689\u0627\u0644\u0647<\/span> ( \u0632\u0645\u0627 \u062f \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u06d0 \u0648\u06a9\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u064a) \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0\u00a0 \u062f <\/span>Jan \u0141ukasiewicz<\/span><\/a>\u062f\u00a0(\u201eWarschauer Schule\u201c)\u062f \u062f\u0631\u06d0 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u06bc \u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 <\/span>Steuerungstechnik<\/span><\/a> \u06a9\u06d0 (\u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u063a\u06cc\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u06cc\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0693\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a ) \u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062e\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a) \u062f \u0646\u0627\u067e\u0627\u06cc-\u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a-\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u06d0 \u0645\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u064a\u0696\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u06d0 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0686\u06d0\u067e\u0627\u06cc-\u0627\u0631\u0632\u069a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f <\/span>Gotthard G\u00fcnther<\/span><\/a> \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f (\u201eG\u00fcnther-Logik\u201c) \u067e\u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

— <\/span>\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u06a9\u067c\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647<\/span> \u00a0Nichtmonotone Logiken<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0633\u0693\u06cc \u06cc\u0648 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0693\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06d0 \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u06a9\u0693\u064a: \u0685\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0681\u0644 \u069a\u0648\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u06d0 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d0 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06d0 \u0647\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0693\u06cc \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0645 \u062f \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u064a( \u062f \u060c\u060c\u062f\u060c\u060c \u067e\u0647 \u0681\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06d0\u060c\u060c\u062a\u0631\u060c\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u0648\u060c \u062e\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06d0 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648). \u0689\u06d0\u0631\u00a0 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0632\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0648\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06ab\u06cc\u0632\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u2013 \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0681\u0646\u064a\u00a0 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a (\u062f \u0648\u062e\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0647) \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u064a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647-\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u0646\u06d0 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0632 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0685\u0646\u06ab \u06a9\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0693\u06d0 \u0634\u064a. \u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0644\u06ab\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u060c\u060c \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0647 \u062f\u06cd.\u060c\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u060c\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u064a.\u060c\u060c \u060c\u0646\u0648\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f (\u0648\u062e\u062a) \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u06d0\u062f\u0646\u06d0 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0645 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u064a. \u0645\u06ab\u0631\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0696\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u0648\u060c \u0686\u06d0\u060c\u060c \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u067e\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cd.\u060c\u060c \u060c\u0646\u0648 \u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0693\u0648\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0646\u06ab\u0648\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0693 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u0689\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u06a9\u067e\u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0681\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0693\u0648 \u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u06a9\u0693\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u063a\u06cd: \u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0648\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0696\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0634\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f \u062f\u06d0\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a-\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06d0 (\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0647) \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0696 \u06a9\u0646\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0681\u0648\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u064a. \u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u0632-\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0689\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u0696\u0648\u06a9\u0693\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0648 \u0648\u069a\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0644\u06cc. \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u06d0\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0681\u0647 \u0681\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06ab\u06cc\u0632-\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u062a \u067e\u0633\u06d0 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a. \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627 -\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0689\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0648- \u062a\u0644\u0646\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u06d0\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a-\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u062e\u069a\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0648.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f (Formale Logik) \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06cc\u0696\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u062e\u069a\u0647 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0628\u06bc\u0648\u00a0 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0633\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06bc\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u0648\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0696\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0646\u06ab\u06d0 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u062e\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0633\u0645 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":106155,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"categories":[121],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-136698","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-social"},"yoast_head":"\n\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f | \u0689\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0696\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc - \u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=136698\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f | \u0689\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0696\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc - \u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f (Formale Logik) \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06cc\u0696\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u062e\u069a\u0647 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0628\u06bc\u0648\u00a0 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0633\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06bc\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u0648\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0696\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0646\u06ab\u06d0 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u062e\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0633\u0645 […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=136698\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/taandcom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-09T16:57:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-08-13T16:35:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"taand\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"taand\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/?p=136698#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/?p=136698\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"taand\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/20620b54b11f5e6d73a06dbf3fba38e1\"},\"headline\":\"\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f | \u0689\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0696\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-10-09T16:57:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-08-13T16:35:48+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/?p=136698\"},\"wordCount\":83,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/?p=136698#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"\",\"articleSection\":[\"\u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ps\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/?p=136698#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/?p=136698\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/?p=136698\",\"name\":\"\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f | \u0689\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0696\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc - \u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/?p=136698#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/?p=136698#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-10-09T16:57:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-08-13T16:35:48+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/20620b54b11f5e6d73a06dbf3fba38e1\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/?p=136698#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ps\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/?p=136698\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ps\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/?p=136698#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"\",\"contentUrl\":\"\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/?p=136698#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f | \u0689\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0696\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\",\"description\":\"Afghan news\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ps\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/20620b54b11f5e6d73a06dbf3fba38e1\",\"name\":\"taand\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ps\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/325839c5c2bfea89f27fa6b9484608d5d439541359b48f5fab002a0d5c91e22d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/325839c5c2bfea89f27fa6b9484608d5d439541359b48f5fab002a0d5c91e22d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/325839c5c2bfea89f27fa6b9484608d5d439541359b48f5fab002a0d5c91e22d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"taand\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/taand.net\\\/?author=2\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f | \u0689\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0696\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc - \u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=136698","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f | \u0689\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0696\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc - \u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f","og_description":"\u00a0\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f (Formale Logik) \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06ab\u0647 \u06cc\u0648 \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0647\u06cc\u0696\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u062e\u069a\u0647 \u06a9\u06cc\u0696\u064a\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u062f \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0628\u06bc\u0648\u00a0 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a \u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u067e\u0633\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0693\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0693\u06cc\u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06bc\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0681 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0628\u0648\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0696\u064a. \u067e\u0647 \u062f\u06d0 \u062a\u0646\u06ab\u06d0 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0696\u062f\u06d0 \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u067c\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u0645\u0648\u062e\u0647 \u067e\u0647 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u06d0 \u0633\u0645 […]","og_url":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=136698","og_site_name":"\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/taandcom\/","article_published_time":"2019-10-09T16:57:46+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-08-13T16:35:48+00:00","author":"taand","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"taand"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=136698#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=136698"},"author":{"name":"taand","@id":"https:\/\/taand.net\/#\/schema\/person\/20620b54b11f5e6d73a06dbf3fba38e1"},"headline":"\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f | \u0689\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0696\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc","datePublished":"2019-10-09T16:57:46+00:00","dateModified":"2020-08-13T16:35:48+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=136698"},"wordCount":83,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=136698#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"","articleSection":["\u067c\u0648\u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0632"],"inLanguage":"ps","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=136698#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=136698","url":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=136698","name":"\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f | \u0689\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0696\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc - \u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/taand.net\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=136698#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=136698#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"","datePublished":"2019-10-09T16:57:46+00:00","dateModified":"2020-08-13T16:35:48+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/taand.net\/#\/schema\/person\/20620b54b11f5e6d73a06dbf3fba38e1"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=136698#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ps","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=136698"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ps","@id":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=136698#primaryimage","url":"","contentUrl":""},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?p=136698#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/taand.net\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f | \u0689\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0696\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/taand.net\/#website","url":"https:\/\/taand.net\/","name":"\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f","description":"Afghan news","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ps"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/taand.net\/#\/schema\/person\/20620b54b11f5e6d73a06dbf3fba38e1","name":"taand","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ps","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/325839c5c2bfea89f27fa6b9484608d5d439541359b48f5fab002a0d5c91e22d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/325839c5c2bfea89f27fa6b9484608d5d439541359b48f5fab002a0d5c91e22d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/325839c5c2bfea89f27fa6b9484608d5d439541359b48f5fab002a0d5c91e22d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"taand"},"url":"https:\/\/taand.net\/?author=2"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/taand.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136698","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/taand.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/taand.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taand.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taand.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=136698"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/taand.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136698\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taand.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/taand.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=136698"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taand.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=136698"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taand.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=136698"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}