Preface:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
After professor Habibi published a book (Pata Khazana) or (Hidden treasure), which contained veiled poems of old Pashto poets, few literates and critics challenged the authenticity and truthfulness of the book. They pointed out many complications and hitches in the book, but most of them got reasonable answers with great illumination and elaboration in the light of authentic historic references, ground realities and linguistic foundations. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
As far as I came through this controversy and dispute I did not get the satisfactory answer to the question regarding the word Attock. According to critics the term was firstly utilized by the third Mughal emperor Jalaludin Akbar, while he decided to build a fort by the name of Attock Banaras. How could this term be used for Indus in the poetry of Khkarandoi Ghori, which had been brought by Pata Khazana, approximately four to five centuries before the construction of Attock fort by Jalaludin Akbar?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
This question mark compelled me to go for the history of Attock and its geographical and historical location after and before Islam. As I started the research paper over the Attock I found the allegation of critics excessively comical, since the name of the Attock was mentioned several times in Hindu scriptures before Islam, how could they not bother to search for it before the unsubstantiated claim that the name Attock never existed before Akbar\u2019s reign.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In this research paper, I will bring the poetry of Shkarandoi Ghori, the Allegations and criticism over the word Attock, a brief look on Attock Fort\u2019s history, Attock mentioned in Hindu scriptures, its meaning and its root homogenizer words, and its importance in Hindu culture, history, and religion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SHKARANDOI<\/p>\n\n\n\n
God’s mercy be on him<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Let this be known he was from Ghor: In his book, Larghoni Pashtana, Shaikh Kata Mathizay, God’s mercy be on him, citing Tarekh-e Suri writes that Skarandoi was a native of Ghor and sometimes lived in Bost and Ghazni. His father’s name was Ahmad, who was the commissioner of Feroz Koh54 in Ghor. Skarandoi was a courtier of Sultan Mohammad Saam Shansabani,55 Shahab-al-Dunya wa din (star of the world and<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(The Hidden Treasure,72: 1997)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
religion), where he was well respected. When the Sultan attacked India Skarandoi accompanied his troops. It is said that Skarandoi wrote poetry, known as bol\u00eala,56 eulogizing Sultan Mohammad Saam and Sultan Ghiasuddin Ghori. Mohammad Ibn Ali says that he saw a thick volume of his odes in Bost. This encomium in praise of Mohammad Saam is taken from that book.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Encomium<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Spring with flowers has bedecked the land<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Red tulips are scattered on the mountains grand,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The hills and slopes with green pastures are adorned<\/p>\n\n\n\n
And emerald mantles have the mountains downed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Today he crossed the Indus, launching a raid<\/p>\n\n\n\n
, From his might the lion is afraid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The rivers to him capitulate outright Carrying Ghorid boatmen forthright<\/p>\n\n\n\n
. The Attock <\/strong>greets him every year Spreading soft sand on its rocky tier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n When the youth of Pashtoonkhwa to India go<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pretty maidens joyously dance in a row.<\/p>\n\n\n\n See the mountains in their green attire And the desert shining like a sapphire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n As the sun rises from the east at dawn,<\/p>\n\n\n\n Toward the western horizon, it moves on and on,<\/p>\n\n\n\n Whether it is morning, noon or afternoon<\/p>\n\n\n\n At sunset, it vanishes behind the same dune.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Shahab’s armies will continue their quest,<\/p>\n\n\n\n And these youth will keep marching abreast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A lion faces its enemy with pride until it has driven it astride.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In India, they will raise their victorious flag<\/p>\n\n\n\n Or their lives will be taken if they drag,<\/p>\n\n\n\n As they forge ahead, many idols they will smash<\/p>\n\n\n\n Shedding blood in their path, when they clash.<\/p>\n\n\n\n O Shahabuddin keeps the glory alive,<\/p>\n\n\n\n Let the banners fly on the mosques as you strive;<\/p>\n\n\n\n So that your sword may illuminate that land<\/p>\n\n\n\n And nullify idol-worshipping on a scale grand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n May God Almighty be your guide!<\/p>\n\n\n\n We will always help you as you stride<\/p>\n\n\n\n (The Hidden Treasure, 74-76: 1997)<\/p>\n\n\n\n After reading this Encomium, now we will have a look at the criticism on the term Attock utilized for a place or river in the poetry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Criticism:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647 “\u0627\u062a\u06a9” 1207 \u062a\u0627 1174 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u06cc ( )1605 \u062a\u0627 1555 “\u067e\u062a\u0647 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0647”) \u062e\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627! \u0627\u062a\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a. (\u0628\u0631\u06af \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f. \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f!\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u0648\u0644 2017\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0647 “\u067e\u067c\u0647 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0647” \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n\n\n\n Translation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Seemingly in two poems of Shkarandoi Ghori, who was contemporary of Sultan Shahbudin Ghori, the term (Attock) has been utilized. Oh My lord! He was Jalaudin who first utilized the word Attock for Abaseen and was nominated by him. How is this conceivable that a poet mentioned Attock intended for Abaseen four hundred years before!?<\/p>\n\n\n\n (\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u0648\u0644 2017\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0647 “\u067e\u067c\u0647 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0647” \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Brief look on Attock forts History:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Attock Fort was built by Akbar the Mughal (in 1583) at the North-Western Tip of his kingdom. The fort was a bulwark against further invasions from the West by impoverished Afghans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n important measure of Akbar to keep open the Khyber Pass was the payment of allowance to its inhabiting tribes especially to the Afridis. In sixteenth century the Afridiscollected Rs.125000 a year from the Mughal Empire in addition to individual levies on each traveler\u2019s per laden camel, per horseman and per-unladen camel or pedestrian. To ensure safe passage of caravans and Mughal armies between Delhi and Kabul, Akbar constructed a fort at Attock and a road through Khyber Pass by giving its responsibility of protection to its inhabiting tribal chiefs. The fort of Attock also helped the Mughals to deal effectively with the Pukhtun tribes. The duty of protection of the route from Attock to Peshawar was assigned to Malik Akor, chief of the Khattak tribe, in lieu of a Jagir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n About Khyber Pass, Abul Fazal says \u201cthe Khyber route was exceedingly difficult but by the Akbar\u2019s command, it was so improved by Qasim Khan who had the superintendence of the work that the road which before that time was so difficult to even for horses and camels wheeled carriages could pass over with ease and the Toranis and Hindis generally use it\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n There is nowhere mentioned that the place around the Indus river has been nominated (Attock) by Jalaudin Akbar. Yes, in Tarikh Akbari it is mentioned that the fort is named (Attock Banaras), but it doesn\u2019t mean that this term had not been used for this region before him.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Attock in Hindu scriptures:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Let me extinguish the illusion and misapprehension that there was not a region called Attock before Akbar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The term Attock is mentioned in many old scriptures for the same region of Indus, in old Sanskrit scriptures, the term Attock has been mention (Hataka) for the same region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hataka (\u0939\u093e\u091f\u0915) is mentioned in Mahabharata (II.25.3),(II.25.5),<\/p>\n\n\n\n ([Vijayendra Kumar Mathur|\u0935\u093f\u091c\u092f\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0925\u0941\u0930]]<ref>[[Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur]], p.267-268<\/ref> \u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 …”’2. [[Gandharvadesha|\u0917\u0902\u0927\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936]]”’ ([[AS]], p.268): [[\u092e\u0939\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924]] \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0935\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 [[Hataka|\u0939\u093e\u091f\u0915]] \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, [[Gandharvadesha|\u0917\u0902\u0927\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936]] \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0925\u093e. \u0938\u092d\u093e \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935 28,5 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0941\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091c\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0902\u0927\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948– \u0938\u0930\u094a \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u092e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0939\u093e\u091f\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0924\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941\u0903, \u0917\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u092e\u091c\u092f\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0924\u0903’ \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0902\u0927\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0939\u0948. \u0917\u0902\u0927\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0932-\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902. [[Chitraratha|\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0930\u0925]] \u0917\u0902\u0927\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b [[Arjuna|\u0905\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0941\u0928]] \u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0926 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e. \u0917\u0902\u0927\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947, [[Kimpurusha|\u0915\u093f\u0902\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937]] \u092f\u093e [[Kinnara Desha|\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0936]] — \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935\u0924:\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 [[Himachal Pradesh|\u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u091a\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936]] \u0914\u0930 [[Tibet|\u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924]] \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0925\u0940.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n When the hero had crossed over white mountains, O Bharata, he came to the country that is inhabited by Kimpurusas and ruled by Dramaputra. In a mighty melee in which many barons found their death the best of pandavas conquered it and extracted tribute. After taking the country called Hataka<\/u><\/strong>. Governed Guyakhas, Arjuna single-mindedly occupied it with his army. Having won them over with diplomacy, he set eyes on the superb lake Manasa and all rivulets of the seers. Upon the reaching Lake Manasa, the Lord Pandava won the country adjacent to Hataka<\/u><\/strong>, which is ruled by the Gandharvas. (Mahabharata\/Book II Chapter 25)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sabha Parva, Mahabharata\/Book II Chapter 25 mentions that Arjuna arrives to conquer Harivarsha. Hataka (\u0939\u093e\u091f\u0915) country is mentioned in Mahabharata verse (II.25.3)[4] and (II.25.5)[5] ….Arjuna crossing the White mountains, subjugated the country of the Kimpurushas ruled by Darunaputra, after a collision involving a great slaughter of Kshatriyas, and brought the region under his complete sway. Having reduced that country, the son of Indra (Arjuna) with a collected mind marched at the head of his troops to the country called Hataka, ruled by the Guhyakas. Subjugating them by a policy of conciliation, the Kuru prince beheld (in that region) that excellent of lakes called Manasa and various other lakes and tanks sacred to the Rishis. And the exalted prince having arrived at the lake Manasa conquered the regions ruled by the Gandharvas that lay around the Hataka territories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Attock has been mentioned as a country near the White Mountains Which is called ( Spin Ghar)in modern-day. They both convey the same meaning. These mountains are located in eastern Afghanistan and western Pakistan which is today\u2019s Attock city. In the opinion of Mr. C. V. Law Hataka is the current attack (West Pakistan).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Purana and Itihasa (epic history)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Hataka in Purana glossary Source:<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u0101\u1e6daka (\u0939\u093e\u091f\u0915).\u2014A region to the north of the Him\u0101layas, where the Guhyakas lived. Arjuna, during his triumphal tour in the north made the guhyakas his allies. (Sabh\u0101 Parva, Chapter 28, Verse 3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u0101\u1e6daka (\u0939\u093e\u091f\u0915).\u2014A liquid by administering which a person feels rejuvenated; used in Atala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u0101\u1e6dak\u012b (\u0939\u093e\u091f\u0915\u0940):\u2014[from h\u0101\u1e6daka] f. Name of a river in the lower world, [Bh\u0101gavata-pur\u0101\u1e47a]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hataka\u2019s or Attock\u2019s meaning in Sanskrit languages:<\/p>\n\n\n\n ha\u1e6daka (\u0939\u091f\u0915).\u2014f Calling. Hence (quasi calling to one on his way) stopping or detaining or hindering. v l\u0101va <\/em>& l\u0101ga.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u0101\u1e6daka (<\/em>\u0939\u093e\u091f\u0915<\/em>).<\/em>\u2014mfn.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n (-ka\u1e25-k\u0101 or -k\u012b-ka\u1e43) Golden, of gold, (as a weight or coin.) n. <\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n (-ka\u1e43) Gold. E. ha\u1e6d to shine, \u1e47vul aff<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n These all are documents that negate the theory of many critics that spread the bogus belief in the academic world regarding the term (Attock) and authenticity Pata Khazana.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Conclusion: <\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n In this short research paper, I have provided some historical documents that deny the false notion of Attock being named by Akbar. This region and Indus both had been called Attock a thousand years before Mughals and Shkarandoi Ghori. The word Attock is derived from Sanskrit which means to halt or stop. It gives the same connotation Urdu and Hindi. The core reason behind this name was for the Indus river amid India and Gandhara, since it was problematic for any armies marching from India to Gandhara to get through this tempestuous and stormy river they named it Hataka or Attock which indicates the halting nature of the river.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n I hope those who went through this short paper tries to search further for this issue and find more resources that can assure the validity of Pata Khazana and bring about the precious and uncovered history of Attock city in its prominence thorough out the history of the region. <\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Written By: Sayed Momin Kandaharai Preface: After professor Habibi published a book (Pata Khazana) or (Hidden treasure), which<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2079,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,318],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture","category-news-2"],"yoast_head":"\n