{"id":1425,"date":"2016-05-03T15:07:58","date_gmt":"2016-05-03T15:07:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.taand.com\/en\/?p=1425"},"modified":"2016-05-03T15:07:59","modified_gmt":"2016-05-03T15:07:59","slug":"irans-great-game-antagonises-natural-afghan-allies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/taand.net\/en\/?p=1425","title":{"rendered":"Iran&#8217;s great game antagonises natural Afghan allies"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"stcpDiv\">\n<div id=\"stcpDiv\">\n<div id=\"stcpDiv\">\n<div>\n<div id=\"stcpDiv\">ANALYSIS by: Meddle East Eye<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"stcpDiv\"><strong>Iran has for decades courted Shia Hazaras, and hosts many refugees. But its policies in Syria and warming to the Taliban have upset many &#8211; See more at: http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/iran-hazara-afghan-<\/strong><\/div>\n<p><strong>KABUL &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>Karte Seh in western Kabul can feel like a slice of Iran tucked away in the Afghan capital. An imposing madrassa, built by Iran in 2006, dominates with its Persian domes and arches.\u00a0Women eschew the Afghan burqa for Iranian-style chadors, and Shia imams preach to congregations drawn from the area&#8217;s Persian-speaking Hazara community.<\/p>\n<p>Iran\u2019s influence has long been felt in the area and its political offices. Afghanistan\u2019s civil war in the 1990s pushed many Hazara to seek out Tehran as a counterweight to the onslaught of the Sunni Taliban, and Iran hosts millions of Hazara refugees and migrants who fled the fighting looking for a better life.<\/p>\n<p>But resentment towards Iran among Hazara has begun to grow, as Tehran apparently warms to the Taliban to check the rise of the Islamic State group in Afghanistan, and its as-yet unstated policy of sending Afghan refugees, reportedly sometimes against their will, to fight for Bashar al-Assad in Syria.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cForeign interference is not good for Afghans. Iran and Pakistan only want to destroy Afghanistan,\u201d Syed Najibullah Rahim, a 30-year-old Hazara from Kabul, told Middle East Eye.\u00a0\u201cThey have their own political motives. Iran is America\u2019s enemy and their only aim is to destabilise Afghanistan.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Fighting in a foreign land<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mail.oitcloud.com\/owa\/graeme.baker@middleeasteye.org\/redir.aspx?REF=KfILR-7uJOx-dE2vViEIP9HguSZpeN4w4xZ8LwUmQ97fbdOrN3PTCAFodHRwOi8vd3d3LnZvYW5ld3MuY29tL2NvbnRlbnQvaHJ3LXNheXMtaXJhbi1zZW5kaW5nLWFmZ2hhbi1yZWZ1Z2Vlcy10by1maWdodC1pbi1zeXJpYS8zMTY4ODg3Lmh0bWw.\" target=\"_blank\">Reports<\/a>\u00a0that Iran has been sending young Hazara to fight on behalf of Assad have been making the rounds for years, but <a href=\"https:\/\/mail.oitcloud.com\/owa\/graeme.baker@middleeasteye.org\/redir.aspx?REF=32XBMJPID7wKj7_YSAgqZI2Msxs6nH8anA_X9fSSffrfbdOrN3PTCAFodHRwczovL3d3dy5ocncub3JnL25ld3MvMjAxNi8wMS8yOS9pcmFuLXNlbmRpbmctdGhvdXNhbmRzLWFmZ2hhbnMtZmlnaHQtc3lyaWE.\" target=\"_blank\">according<\/a>\u00a0to Human Rights Watch, since 2013 Iran has been luring impoverished Hazara refugees with promises of money and permanent residency rights.<\/p>\n<p>Iran denies preying on the vulnerable and says it lends unofficial support to &#8220;volunteers&#8221;, such as the Afghan-dominated Fatemiyoun Brigade, to defend Shia sites in Syria and Iraq against Sunni militants.<\/p>\n<p>However, a large number of Hazara in Afghanistan claim that they know someone who has gone to fight &#8211; and only after being coerced.<\/p>\n<p>Qurban Ali, a 39-year-old Hazara living in Kabul, claims he knows a family whose son went to Iran looking for work, but was instead sent to Syria. According to Ali, the family was recently invited by Iranian officials to attend their son\u2019s funeral.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey told the family, \u2018Your son has been martyred in Syria\u2019,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>While the officials claimed he was in Syria voluntarily, Ali said he went after the promise by Iran&#8217;s Revolutionary Guard of a residence permit.<\/p>\n<p>On Monday,\u00a0Iran passed a law allowing the government to grant citizenship to the families of foreigners killed while fighting for Tehran, saying that \u201cthe government [could now] grant Iranian citizenship to the wife, children and parents of foreign martyrs who died on a mission&#8230; during the Iran-Iraq war (1980-1988) and afterwards&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>That, however, has been seen as a message to those who refuse to fight.<\/p>\n<p>While most Hazara political parties have been careful to not accuse Iran,\u00a0Ali Amiri, the political secretary of the\u00a0pro-Iran\u00a0Hezb-e-Wahdat Islami Mardum-e-Afghanistan Party, led by prominant Hazara leader\u00a0Mohammad Mohaqiq,\u00a0said\u00a0coercing Hazaras into fighting was a human rights violation and urged Afghanistan authorities to probe the issue.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>According to Thomas Ruttig, a senior analyst at Afghanistan Analysts Network, politically active Hazaras are growing increasingly concerned about Iran\u2019s behaviour.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe interests of Shia Hazara parties and Iran do not fully overlap,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>And the rift over Syria is only part of the problem.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>The enemy of my enemy&#8230;<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Hazaras are the largest Shia minority in Afghanistan and, according to different estimates, make up between 10 to 20 percent of the population, although there has been no official census since 1979.<\/p>\n<p>Iran began supporting Afghan mujahideen groups made up of Persian-speaking minorities, such as the Hazaras, against the Soviets in the 1980s and later against the Taliban, a group made up almost exclusively of Pashtun Sunnis.<\/p>\n<p>Iran almost went to war with the Taliban in 1998, after 10 Iranian diplomats and a journalist were killed following an attack on Iran\u2019s consulate in Mazar-e-Sharif.<\/p>\n<p>However, in recent years, the rise of the Islamic State (IS) group has led many to believe that this rivalry could be turning on its head, with Iran viewing the Taliban as a possible bulwark against the militants.<\/p>\n<p>Rutting said the rise of IS was possibly now the &#8220;driving force&#8221; behind Tehran&#8217;s relationship with Afghanistan.<\/p>\n<p>Last year, the <a href=\"https:\/\/mail.oitcloud.com\/owa\/graeme.baker@middleeasteye.org\/redir.aspx?REF=COHwD8gxci4KYV9r_Pl_B7bomYqLvqrLmg-u6dbkkPXfbdOrN3PTCAFodHRwOi8vd3d3Lndzai5jb20vYXJ0aWNsZXMvaXJhbi1iYWNrcy10YWxpYmFuLXdpdGgtY2FzaC1hbmQtYXJtcy0xNDM0MDY1NTI4\" target=\"_blank\">Wall Street Journal reported<\/a>\u00a0that Iran has been providing funding, ammunition and even training to the Taliban. Last month, the Iranian ambassador to Afghanistan officially\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mail.oitcloud.com\/owa\/graeme.baker@middleeasteye.org\/redir.aspx?REF=aV6scrvamO4zenGPhgJ-MLshbOJiZ0IzQ89rO9J9rjvfbdOrN3PTCAFodHRwOi8vd3d3LnRvbG9uZXdzLmNvbS9lbi9pbnRlcnZpZXdzLzI0OTMwLWlyYW5pYW4tYW1iYXNzYWRvci1kaXNjdXNzZXMtbXVyZGVyLW9mLW1pZ3JhbnQtZ2lybA..\" target=\"_blank\">confirmed<\/a>\u00a0that his country has contact with the Taliban for what he termed \u201ccontrol and evaluation of security situation&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Iran has previously denied any contacts with the militant group that ruled Afghanistan from the mid-1990s until the US-led invasion in 2001 and has once again tried to expand its influence following the drawdown of international troops.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere is no love lost between Iran and the Taliban,\u201d Ruttig said. \u201cThere are multiple strings of relationships and Iran wants to keep all its options open.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>He added that there was no firm proof of weapons transfers to the Taliban.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Too close for comfort<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The relationship between the Hazara and Iran has been growing more complicated for years. While\u00a0all\u00a0Hazara factions chose to work with the US after its invasion in 2001, some continued to be linked to Iran, with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mail.oitcloud.com\/owa\/graeme.baker@middleeasteye.org\/redir.aspx?REF=6lpwgD93BC0Nkm-fon-Pug7spOoDgfIZsidF4X9t_vzfbdOrN3PTCAFodHRwOi8vd3d3LnRoZWd1YXJkaWFuLmNvbS93b3JsZC91cy1lbWJhc3N5LWNhYmxlcy1kb2N1bWVudHMvMTk0OTEz\" target=\"_blank\">allegations<\/a>\u00a0that Iran finances certain Hazara MPs and pushes them to adopt anti-Western stances.<\/p>\n<p>Many Hazara politicians privately admit that being seen as too close to Iran can be politically dangerous, but also believe that it is important to retain some kind of ties. \u201cIt is not like all Hazaras are ardent supporters of Iran,\u201d Ruttig said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe resentment has been there for a long time.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis admission [of contact with the Taliban] by the Iranian ambassador will create more concerns among many Shia Hazara leaders. For a long time, these leaders have not been speaking nicely about the Iranians when they are not around.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Yet a wider rift has also been emerging between the youth and the Hazara leadership, which many young people feel is exploiting ethnic tensions to secure its power.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAfter 2001, many young Afghans started thinking beyond ethnic groups, but the current National Unity Government [has] made it [the issue of sectarianism] worse again,\u201d Qurban Ali, a 39-year-old Hazara claimed<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Views like this these are prevalent, with Hazaras still reporting that they face discrimination when applying for government jobs or trying to join the Afghan army.<\/p>\n<p>The provinces chiefly inhabited by Hazaras have also remained among\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mail.oitcloud.com\/owa\/graeme.baker@middleeasteye.org\/redir.aspx?REF=8TvjtBzGxUwKAppf-63YxDVBagvz1tA5pf5xIKewgPHfbdOrN3PTCAFodHRwOi8vd3d3LndvcmxkYmFuay5vcmcvZW4vY291bnRyeS9hZmdoYW5pc3Rhbi9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9hZmdoYW5pc3Rhbi1wcm92aW5jaWFsLWJyaWVmcw..\" target=\"_blank\">the least developed areas<\/a>\u00a0in the country, something many Hazaras feel has to do more with ethnicity than economics.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Internal splits\u00a0<\/strong>And some Hazaras have begun to mend ties with the Taliban as a result of the growing risk of IS. In the western province of Ghazni, a group of Hazara elders\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mail.oitcloud.com\/owa\/graeme.baker@middleeasteye.org\/redir.aspx?REF=KcTdRLjFJfqIFcZ_A-gIB8RSEwAeDBLuQ8dRIqI5v-3fbdOrN3PTCAFodHRwOi8vd3d3LmRhd24uY29tL25ld3MvMTE3MTIxMw..\" target=\"_blank\">approached the Taliban for protection in 2015<\/a>.\u00a0The Taliban agreed.<\/p>\n<p>Mohammad Akbari, the only\u00a0Hazara leader to cooperate with the Taliban in the 1990s, goes as far to say that his community must \u201cfinish the war with the Taliban and then work with them to finish IS\u201d \u2013 but this stance remains an unpopular one with many members of the community.<\/p>\n<p>Last November, the bodies of seven Hazaras &#8211; including women and a nine-year-old girl &#8211; were found beheaded by IS. The Taliban intervened, hunted down and killed the those believed to be behind the attack &#8211; but the move has failed to win hearts and minds.<\/p>\n<p>The Taliban and IS oppose one another, but the general public does not see much difference between them, and at protests following the deaths, demonstrators cried chants against IS and the Taliban alike.<\/p>\n<p>In this climate, Iran\u2019s alleged support for the Taliban has not gone down well.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHazaras cannot accept this, even if it is just for countering IS,\u201d Amiri from Mohaqiq\u2019s party said. Amiri said proof of Iranian support for the Taliban would change the party\u2019s relationship with Iran.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOnly the political leaders have benefited from the relationship with Iran. Nothing has come out of it for regular Hazaras,\u201d Qurban Ali said.<\/p>\n<p><em>Additional reporting by Hussain Ali and Rohina Haroon<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; See more at: http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/iran-hazara-afghan-306092272#sthash.kQjQnjCT.dpuf<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ANALYSIS by: Meddle East Eye Iran has for decades courted Shia Hazaras, and hosts many refugees. But its<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1426,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[122],"tags":[326,327,324,325,323,322],"class_list":["post-1425","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article","tag-afghanistan","tag-iran","tag-refugees","tag-syria","tag-taliban","tag-women"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Iran&#039;s great game antagonises natural Afghan allies - Taand English<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/taand.net\/en\/?p=1425\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Iran&#039;s great game antagonises natural Afghan allies - Taand English\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ANALYSIS by: Meddle East Eye Iran has for decades courted Shia Hazaras, and hosts many refugees. 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